“持节领护”校尉官是汉魏六朝重要的地方民族管理制度。学界对此类职官的研究长期局限于个案考察上，缺乏长时段的整体性研究。本文从民族与政治两方面，系统研究汉魏六朝“持节领护”校尉官产生、发展与消亡的全过程。 汉武帝以来普通校尉演化为专职校尉的制度动力，及汉廷“隔绝羌胡”战略共同促成“持节领护”校尉的出现。受边地民族形势及汉廷征讨体制的制约，西汉“持节领护”校尉较少参与军事活动。东汉是校尉官获取军事权的关键时期。随着北疆部族动乱升级和地方动乱征讨机制的变化，“持节领护”校尉的职能由前代的专掌绥抚演变为以军事征伐为主。校尉官以军事、民族职权为孔道介入边郡军政，不仅延缓了北境州刺史攫取地方兵权，还开启校尉辖区向统辖诸边郡的特殊政区转化的趋势。东汉后期，由于北境州刺史对“持节领护“校尉职权的侵夺及校尉官先天弱点的制约，校尉官辖区的政区化趋势暂告终结。 魏晋是“持节领护”校尉脱离民族事务之局限，转与地方政治紧密结合的剧变时代。东汉后期北境州刺史侵夺“持节领护”校尉职权并借助监察权控制校尉官，使曹魏“持节领护”校尉沦为州刺史的固定兼职。在兼领制度的推动下，校尉官在西晋初年实现了与所辖部族聚居州的结合，由两汉之中央职官演变为属州下辖的地方武官。此后，属州都督、刺史借助兼领制度控制并利用校尉府兵，校尉官因之不再仅主部族事务，还在相当程度上介入地方军政，影响两晋地方政局。 南朝是“持节领护”校尉制度的衰亡期。鉴于南蛮校尉地方化程度甚深，刘宋遂罢其官以为分弱荆州的关键一环。地方化还导致部分校尉官因被属州都督、刺史兼领而丧失独立的职能特色，职能渐趋弱化。西晋以来“持节领护”校尉的地方化趋势，使校尉官成为地方权力的来源之一。江左政权为使边疆独立势力完整地获得统治王朝边地的合法性，多将“持节领护”校尉作为册封“外臣”的固定官职。然而外授有损校尉官建置，至南北一统、独立势力灭亡，作为册封官衔的校尉官也随之消亡。宋、齐世，护三巴校尉和宁蛮校尉完成了向一级特殊政区的转化。但由于左郡左县等新型政区的冲击，政区化的校尉官亦遭废罢。此外，北魏以护军制和镇戍制羁縻境内胡族，较少采用“持节领护”校尉官加以镇抚，此亦为校尉官终退出边疆民族管理机构的原因之一。

“Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei (“持节领护”校尉), the official title, was an important system of local ethnic administration in the Han, Wei and the Six Dynasties (汉魏六朝). However, previous researches of this officer position were limited to cases, and were lack of comprehensive study during a long period of time. Therefore, from the perspectives of ethnic groups and politics, this dissertation analyzed systematically the establishment, development and abolition of this officer position in the Han, Wei and the Six Dynasties. Since the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the ordinary Xiaowei had transformed to the one endowed with definite functions. In the same period, the Han government executed the strategy of isolating the Qiang and Hu ethnic groups. The two previous points generated the establishment of “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei. Limited by ethnic situation in borderlands and system of punitive expedition against local insurrections, “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei did not take an active role at participating in military actions in the Western Han Dynasty. Nevertheless, the Eastern Han Dynasty became a crucial period during which “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei turned into obtaining military power. Due to the escalation of ethnic insurrections in northern borders and the change of punitive expedition system, the function of “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei transformed from handling the ethnic groups affairs into heading punitive expedition against ethnic insurrections. By virtue of military and ethnic power from its position, “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei not only suspended the governors’ military power of northern borderlands through controlling local military, but also contributed to turning the “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei’s control areas into special administrative divisions. Whereas, since the seizure of “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei’s power by governors and Xiaowei’s inherent weaknesses of its function, the trend of becoming special administrative divisions ended provisionally in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The Wei and Jin Dynasties were the times of great changes. During these periods, the responsibility of “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei expanded from the administration of ethnic groups, and into close connection with local politics. In the late Eastern Han, the governors in northern borderlands seized the power of “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei and controlled them by supervision, which led the Xiaowei as a concurrent post to the governors in the Cao Wei Dynasty. As the governors had held the Xiaowei post, “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei became part of the ethnic states’ bureaucracies, its former central officer position transformed into local military one affiliated with its state. Hereafter, the superintendents of military affairs and the governors controlled and headed the army of Xiaowei. Therefore, Xiaowei had been involved in local military and political affairs besides handling ethnic ones, which, to some extent, influenced local politics in the Western and Eastern Jin Dynasties. The Southern Dynasty was the declining period for “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei. Being fear of the growing forces through the localization process of Nanman Xiaowei (南蛮校尉), the Liu Song government abolished it to weaken Jingzhou (荆州). The localization impaired the functions of Xiaowei as well. Since the Western Jin, the localization of Xiaowei, which post has been taken concurrently by governors, had made it one of the sources of local power. Beginning from the Southern regimes, “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei was entitled to “Waichen” (外臣) officials who pledged allegiance nominally in order to make them obtain political legitimacy of governing borderlands. However, this entitlement damaged the system of Xiaowei. After the reunification of the north and south, as an entitled position, “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei became extinct. In the Song and Qi Dynasties, the administrated areas of Husanba Xiaowei (护三巴校尉) and Ningman Xiaowei (宁蛮校尉) had developed into special administrative divisions. Nevertheless, since the rise of new administrative divisions, such as Zuojun Zuoxian (左郡左县), those administrative divisions of Xiaowei were abolished as well. Furthermore, the Northern Wei government did not adopt “Chijie Linghu” Xiaowei to administrate the non-Han ethnic groups, which also caused the abolition of Xiaowei thoroughly.