阿尔瓦?阿尔托是20世纪现代建筑运动的代表人物，也是一位享誉国际的现代主义设计大师。从20世纪20年代到70年代，阿尔托参与了数以百计的建筑项目，并设计了不少令人印象深刻的建筑作品。注重建筑整体性的阿尔托还为这些建筑配套设计了一系列的家具、灯具、纺织品和玻璃工艺品，也都作为设计精品流传至今。阿尔托终身没有发表任何设计理论专著，注重实干的他将自己的设计思想都融入于设计实践当中。阿尔托不仅在北欧推动了现代主义设计运动的发展，更对这一设计运动做了改良，其人性化、地域化的设计思想使得现代主义设计在注重功能性的同时又考虑到使用者的心理需求，在批量化和标准化生产的同时又保持了设计的个性。正是由于阿尔托的存在，北欧现代主义设计探索出了一条新的人性化的道路，阿尔托将现代主义设计运动所提出的为大众服务的内核又向前推进了一大步。阿尔托注重设计与自然的和谐，将自然中的元素融入到设计当中，所以他的设计风格也被称之为“有机现代主义”。同时，阿尔托根植于自己的祖国芬兰，担负起了弘扬本土文化的责任，曾两次为世博会设计芬兰馆，将芬兰的设计推向世界，并在设计中加入了芬兰元素，这种地域化与国际化相结合的设计方式奠定了斯堪的纳维亚现代主义设计的形式。此外，阿尔托对于弯木家具的技术贡献，推动了家具设计的发展，他所成立的阿泰克(Artek)家具公司，也是设计师与企业合作的典范，在他去世以后，芬兰成立了阿尔托大学，为现代设计培养了众多的杰出人才，阿尔托的设计思想也得以传承。本文在梳理分析阿尔托设计成就的同时，旨在归纳总结出阿尔托的设计思想。
Born in Finland in 1898, Alva Aalto is a representative of modern architecture movement and a prestigious master of modern architecture. From the 1920s to 1970s, Aalto designed hundreds of buildings most of which are quite impressive, and also designed series of furniture, lamps and lanterns, glass crafts to match the buildings. Aalto had not published any article or book about his design theory, however, he planted his design theory into his works and practice. Aalto not only promoted the development of the modernism movement in Northern Europe, but also enhanced the movement via his humanized and regionalized design theory to make the design more focused on practical function and meeting the needs of the users. Thanks to Aalto, the modernism movement had developed a more humanized approach and progressed toward the goal of serving the people.Aalto specially paid attention to the harmonious relationship between design and nature, and integrated the natural elements into his design, hence his design style was called “Organic Modernism”. In the meantime, Aalto was rooted in his motherland Finland and took the responsibility of advocating the local culture. He had designed the Finnish Pavilion for the Word Expo twice, brought the Finnish design to the world, and incorporated the Finnish elements to the design. This kind of design combining both local and national elements laid the foundation of the Scandinavia modernism modality. In addition,Aalto’s contribution to the bend wood furniture promoted the development of furniture design. The Artek which founded by him is the model of the cooperation between the designer and enterprises. After his death, Finland established the Aalto University, which trained a lot of outstanding talents for modern design. So that Aalto’s design philosophy was passed on generations. Because of the lack of the monograph of the design philosophy, this article is aimed at summarizing the Alvar Aalto’s design philosophy via the approach of going through the major design achievements of Aalto.
