本论文主要研究了基于大功率速调管功率合成和脉冲压缩的高功率微波产生技术。与常用的振荡器型高功率微波系统相比，基于大功率速调管的高功率微波系统可以以较高的重复频率长时间稳定运行，具有能量效率高、输出脉冲宽及频率、功率、相位稳定利于功率合成等优点。这种高功率微波系统除可用于大型射频粒子加速器外，还可以用作高功率雷达发射机、强电磁辐射环境发生器以及微波定向能武器。论文选用大功率速调管和SLED脉冲压缩装置来产生高功率微波。首先，在分析谐振腔储能过程的瞬态特性和无源SLED脉冲压缩理论基础上，研究了谐振腔品质因子、耦合度以及倒相时刻、倒相速度等因素对SLED脉冲压缩装置峰值功率增益、能量效率的影响。针对在无源SLED脉冲压缩系统中高峰值功率增益和高能量效率无法兼顾的问题，提出了一种在储能阶段高耦合度、提取阶段低耦合度的有源SLED脉冲压缩方法。其次，在S波段设计搭建了一套基于大功率速调管功率合成和脉冲压缩的高功率微波系统。使用一台感应叠加型全固态调制器同时驱动两只速调管，经功率合成和脉冲压缩后，输出峰值功率可达212.9 MW、脉冲宽度约400 ns、重复频率25 Hz。速调管功率合成效率约97.7%，SLED脉冲压缩系统峰值功率增益约4.7倍，整套高功率微波系统的能量效率约9.8%。通过实验定量研究了倒相时刻、倒相速度对SLED脉冲压缩装置峰值功率、能量效率等性能的影响。最后，对论文提出的有源SLED脉冲压缩方法进行了实验验证。首次将带引燃极的气体放电开关管应用到有源SLED脉冲压缩技术中，设计了一种由波导H-T、气体放电开关管以及短路活塞组成的耦合度调节模块。利用大功率环形器替代SLED脉冲压缩装置中的3 dB耦合器，搭建了一套单谐振腔的有源SLED脉冲压缩实验系统。在倒相同时将谐振腔的耦合度由20降低到5左右时，获得了约6.5倍的峰值功率增益，同时提高了系统能量效率。与传统微波学科相融合是高功率微波技术的发展方向之一，本论文将粒子加速器射频功率源相关技术推广应用到高功率微波技术领域，对高功率微波技术的发展具有一定参考价值。
In this dissertation, high power microwave generation technology based on power combining and pulse compression of high power klystrons were studied. Compared with the high power microwave system based on oscillators, the high power microwave systems based on power combining and pulse compression of klystrons could long-term operating with high repetition frequency, have characteristics of high energy efficiency, long pulses and stable frequency, power and phase which will benefit for power combing. In addition to be widely used in large scale particle accelerators, this type of high power microwave system could also be used as high power radar transmitters, high level electromagnetic environment generators and directed energy weapons.High power klystrons and the SLED pulse compressor with high efficiency and simple structure were chosen for generating high power microwave. Firstly, the transient characteristics of resonant cavities during the charging process and theory of passive SLED pulse compression were analyzed. Effect of unload quality factor, coupling coefficient and phase shifting time, switching speed on the peak power gain and energy efficiency of SLED pulse compressor were investigated. To overcome the problem of high peak power gain and high energy efficiency cannot be achieved at the same time in passive SLED pulse compressor, a novel active SLED pulse compression method with higher coupling coefficient during the charging process and lower coupling coefficient during the discharging process was proposed.Secondly, a high power microwave system based on power combining and pulse compression of high power klystrons were designed and established at S-band. A solid state induction modulator and pulse transformer were used to drive two klystrons in parallel, after power combining and pulse compression, the peak power had reached about 210 MW with pulse widths nearly 400 ns at 25 Hz. The power combining efficiency of klystrons is more than 97%, the peak power gain of SLED pulse compressor is about 4.7 while the energy efficiency of this high power microwave system is about 9.8%. Effect of phase shifting time and switching speed on the peak power gain and energy efficiency of SLED pulse compressor had been verified in experiments. At last, experiments were carried out to verify the active SLED pulse compression method proposed previously. TR tube with ignitor was first employed in active RF pulse compression and a switchable coupling coefficient module with H-T waveguide junction, TR tube and movable short was designed. An experimental active SLED pulse compressor with single resonant cavity was built when a high power circulator was used to replace the 3 dB coupler in SLED pulse compressor. The coupling coefficient was changed from 20 to about 5 at the instant of phase shifting time, a high peak power gain about 6.5 was achieved and the energy efficiency was improved at the same time. Integration with the traditional microwave subject is one of the development directions of high power microwave technology. Technology of RF power source in particle accelerators was applied to the fields of high power microwave in this dissertation and the research will have some reference value for the development of high power microwave technology.
