温稠密物质广泛存在于自然界天体及人类创造的系统中，是目前高能量密度物理领域最具挑战性的研究对象之一。温稠密物质通常处于离子强耦合以及电子部分简并状态，其理论研究十分复杂且结果可靠性需要大量实验研究检验。温度是检验理论模型的重要参量之一，但是温度区间为0.1~1.0eV时其实验诊断是困难的。冲击或准等熵加载金属样品的光学反射率对温度很敏感，不到1eV的温升就会导致反射率显著下降。本论文首先提出基于反射率测量诊断温度的实验方法。反射率测温实验中采用透明窗口保护样品后表面不发生自由面卸载，为此建立了透明窗口的透明性模型，计算压缩状态下透明窗口的反射率及透射率。基于验证模型的需求，开展了准等熵压缩LiF透明性的实验及模拟研究，模拟结果与实验结果的一致性初步验证了模型的可靠性。基于初步检验的透明窗口透明性模型，研究了冲击压缩金刚石的透明性，结果显示：随着冲击压强的增大，冲击压缩金刚石的透射率从保持为1过渡到逐渐下降为0，然后其反射率从0慢慢变大，这种变化主要取决于冲击波头处金刚石的自由电子密度。模拟结果还表明冲击压缩实验中金刚石用作透明窗口材料的条件是冲击压强小于2.91Mbar。基于上述准备工作，开展了基于反射率测量的温度诊断探索实验。实验中采用干净辐射源加载CH/Al/金刚石，利用VISAR诊断Al的反射率及后表面速度。通过分析波系相互作用，由界面速度推导Al的后表面密度。利用反射率测温方法由密度及反射率推导Al的冲击温度。通过比较实验结果与文献结果及模拟结果，验证了基于反射率测量诊断温度区间为0.1~1.0eV的温稠密物质的温度的可行性。基于反射率测温方法的可行性，开展了基于反射率测量的多参量状态方程同时诊断的应用实验探索。实验中采用干净辐射源加载台阶Al，利用VISAR诊断Al的冲击波速度、自由面速度及反射率。通过分析波系相互作用，由冲击波速度及自由面速度推导Al的状态方程，其结果与文献结果符合较好。基于反射率测温方法，从实验结果推导Al的冲击温度，其结果与文献结果偏差较大，主要是受自由面卸载的影响。实验结果初步验证了基于反射率测量同时诊断状态方程及温度的可行性，但该方法的实际应用还需要进一步解决台阶透明窗口的加工问题。总的来说，本论文建立了反射率测温方法并开展探索实验验证了该方法在0.1~1.0eV区间的可行性，并将该方法初步应用于完全状态方程诊断的实验研究中。

Warm dense matter (WDM) exists extensively in the natural celestial bodies and the artificial systems, and is one of the most challenging objects in the high energy density physics field. Theoretical studies of warm dense matter are challenging, as it is strongly coupled and partially degenerated. Therefore, experimental studies are needed to check the theoretical models. Since temperature is sensitive to the model temperature diagnosis can be used to test the models. However, it is difficult to diagnose the temperature of warm dense matter when the temperature ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 eV. The optical reflectivity of the shock-compressed or quasi-isentropic-compressed metal sample is sensitive to the temperature. It drops considerably even if the temperature only rises by 1 eV. In this paper, a new method to diagnose temperature from the reflectivity measurement is put forward firstly.In the exploring experiment, the transparent window is usually used to protect the aluminum rear surface from unloading. Therefore, a transparency model for the transparent window was developed, which was used to calculate the reflectivity and the transmissivity of the compressed transparent window. To validate the model, experimental and simulated studies of the transprency of the quasi-isentropic-compressed LiF have been carried out. The consistence between the simulated results and the experimental results validated the model. Based the model, the transparency of the shock-compressed diamond was simulated. As the shock pressure increased, the transmissivity of the shock-compressed diamond decreased from 1 to 0 and then the reflectivity increased from 0, which depended on the free electron density of the shock-compressed diamond. The simulated results also indicated that diamond can be used as transparent window only if the pressure is lower than 2.91 Mbar in the shock-compressed experiments.Based on these preparatory works, the exploring experiment to diagnose temperature from the reflectivity measurement was carried out. A clean radiation source was used to drive a shock wave and compress the sample CH/Al/Diamond. The optical reflectivity and the Al/Diamond interface velocity were measured simultaneously by a VISAR. The aluminum rear surface density was deduced from the interface velocity by analyzing the wave interaction. Then the aluminum rear surface temperature was deduced from this density and the experimental reflectivity, and used to decide the shock temperature. The consistence between the experimental shock temperature with the previous data in the literatures and the simulated result validated this new method which can be used to diagnose the temperature ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 eV.Based on the temperature diagnosis method, the simultaneous multi-parameter measurements of the equation of state for warm dense aluminum from the reflectivity measurement was performed. A clean radiation source was used to compress the three steps aluminum sample. The shock velocity, the free surface velocity and the optical reflectivity were measured simultaneously by the VISAR. The equation of state was deduced from the shock velocity and the free surface velocity by analyzing the wave interaction. The EOS results were in agreement with the previous data. Based on the method developed to diagnose temperature, the shock temperature was deduced from the experimental results, which deviated from the previous data in the literatures. The deviation of the shock temperature may be caused mainly by the unloading of the free surface. The experimental results validated the method diagnosing the equation of state and the temperature simultaneously from the reflectivity measurement preliminarily. However, further research is needed to validate this method.In summary, a new method to diagnose temperature from the reflectivity measurement was put forword. This method was validated by the exploring experiment and can be used to diagnose temperature ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 eV. This method was also applied to the experiment in which the complete equation of state is diagnosed simultaneously.