高温气冷堆由于优良的固有安全特性，已成为第四代核能系统的优选堆型之一。为了在保持固有安全特性的前提下较好地实现规模经济效益，高温气冷堆实施多模块发展战略是一个可行的思路。由于多模块高温气冷堆核电站具有不平衡负载运行、多堆间耦合强、动态特性复杂、可参与电网负荷调峰等特点，对系统的运行和控制提出了新的要求和挑战，目前传统的自动控制技术已难以满足要求。因此，多模块高温气冷堆协同运行和控制技术的研究是高温气冷堆进一步发展及商业化进程中必须解决的关键问题。论文以HTR-PM两模块高温气冷堆核电站为研究对象，研究解决HTR-PM的主要耦合特性以及协同运行和控制关键技术问题，研究成果可以推广到未来更多模块的高温气冷堆核动力系统，具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。 论文主要创新点包括：（1）以HTR-PM为研究对象进行系统、深入研究，得到多模块高温气冷堆不平衡负载运行下的主要耦合动态特性；在此基础上，采用自主控制的思想，提出了一种具有5级分级递阶结构的多模块高温气冷堆协同运行与控制系统的体系结构，分析表明该控制系统的体系结构可较好的适用于多模块高温气冷堆类型的复杂核动力系统。（2）为解决多模块高温气冷堆不平衡负载运行时模块间强耦合造成的复杂动态特性，研究设计了协调级非线性模糊自适应控制器，不仅实现了非线性闭环控制器在大范围变工况时的全局渐进稳定，而且提高了控制器的抗扰动能力和鲁棒性能；典型工况下的仿真结果表明所设计的非线性闭环控制器较好的解决了多模块高温气冷堆之间的复杂动态耦合问题。（3）研究了分别适用于两种特殊工况的热氦温度控制和蒸发器出口蒸汽温度控制新方案，不仅可以保证系统全功率范围的全局渐进稳定性，而且可以改善某些参数的控制性能；虽然会造成某些参数的性能略有下降，但是仍能维持多堆核电站在当前功率水平的安全稳定运行。（4）利用多目标非线性规划方法，研究设计了组织级协同运行控制器，实现了多模块高温气冷堆核电站的静态功率分配和功率升降的动态路径优化，为HTR-PM核电站以及未来多模块高温气冷堆核电站的功率分配控制设计打下了基础。 研究成果不仅为HTR-PM控制系统的设计打下了基础，而且也可以推广到未来更多模块的高温气冷堆核动力系统。
As one of the most popular Generation IV nuclear energy system, High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) has outstanding inherent safety features. Studies showed that the multi-modular approach offers a solution to retain both the inherent safety of HTGR and good economies of scale in that its use of many small reactors in conjunction with several shared turbines permits a simpler core design while, at the same time, at least partially retaining economies of scale by increasing the number of modules. This type of multi-modular approach has many advantages, however, the unbalanced load operation of the multi-modular power plant in which each module operates at a different power level and strong coupling between multi modules creates a complex control challenge to safe operation and control. Traditional control systems can hardly meet the requirements of multi-modular power plants. Study of coordinated operation control technology becomes one of the key issues that have to be addressed and solved in the HTGR further development and commercialization process. Firstly, this paper investigated the main coupling dynamic characteristics and the key control technologies of the two-module HTGR nuclear power system HTR-PM in detail. On this basis, this paper proposed a feasible hierarchical control structure to achieve nearly autonomous control system which has many intelligent capabilities, such as diagnosis, analysis, planning, reconfigurability, self-validation, and decision. The proposed control system is divided into five levels as follows: the executive level, coordination level, organizational level, supervisory level and management level. Secondly, in order to solve the complex coupling dynamic characteristics between different modules of the multi-modular HTGR which especially occurred under unbalanced load operation, this paper established a nonlinear adaptive fuzzy control system. Analysis and simulation results under typical conditions show that the designed adaptive control system and proposed control mechanisms for different operation modes, can not only achieve global asymptotical stability in all operating conditions, but also improve the disturbance rejection ability and robust ability of the control system. Finally, this paper designed an open loop power allocation controller for static and dynamic load distribution in organizational level. The research results may lay the technical foundation for the design of power allocation controller of the HTR-PM in future.
