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江孜藏毯艺术研究

Study on the art of Tibetan blanket in Jiangzi

作者:王晓丽
  • 学号
    2012******
  • 学位
    硕士
  • 电子邮箱
    xwz******com
  • 答辩日期
    2015.06.04
  • 导师
    洪兴宇
  • 学科名
    设计学
  • 页码
    64
  • 保密级别
    公开
  • 培养单位
    080 美术学院
  • 中文关键词
    江孜藏毯,艺术风貌,工艺研究
  • 英文关键词
    Gyantse Tibetan Carpets,Artistic Features,Arts & Crafts Research

摘要

藏毯作为非物质文化遗产之一,与波斯地毯、东方艺术毯并称为世界三大名毯,它以其丰富的艺术风格和浓厚的民族色彩发挥出巨大的艺术价值,成为传统手工艺品中的佼佼者。藏毯选自青藏高原优质牦牛毛和西大白羊毛,通过植物染色,手工编织,吸收藏族服饰、建筑、传统艺术精华,形成了独具民族特色的艺术风格。藏毯色泽艳丽,对比性强,种类繁多,包括有地毯、挂毯、卡垫等,或具有浓厚宗教色彩,或反映自然风景,或展示人文风情。因其特殊的保暖性和御寒性,成为高原地区人民生活中不可或缺的物品,与藏族人民日常生活息息相关。而要说到藏毯就不得不说到江孜县,江孜历史悠久,是西藏最早发展藏毯的地方,江孜藏毯早在清朝年间,就已经作为贵重的礼品由西藏地方官员进贡给中央政府。在漫长的历史长河中,江孜地区的人民经过对传统工艺的继承,不断的探索、实践和创新,形成了独具特色的江孜藏毯。本文结合文献法和田野考察法分别从历史、工艺、现状等角度出发,对江孜藏毯进行研究,文章首先分析了江孜藏毯艺术研究的意义和价值,然后从历史、地理、文化宗教三个方面来阐述江孜藏毯的孕育环境及对它的影响,接着总结了江孜藏毯的艺术风貌,包括它的种类、图案、工艺和艺术特征,然后分析了江孜藏毯工艺的发展脉络,包括不同历史阶段藏毯的发展情况和目前江孜藏毯工艺体系的行业结构。鉴于江孜藏毯已经发展成为当地特色的经济产业和文化产业,因此通过实际考察和调研分析江孜藏毯的发展情况,包括行业规模,藏毯企业的经济效益等,总结目前江孜藏毯在发展和传承方面存在的问题,并针对问题提出意见和建议。江孜藏毯以其独特的艺术风貌具有巨大的艺术价值和文化价值,但是通过文献的阅读,发现对江孜藏毯工艺、图案风格方面的介绍确实不多,所以通过实地考察,结合田野考察成果和文献研究,对藏毯工艺和图案方面做主要总结,分析藏毯发展的优势和限制,并提出思考,希望通过此文使这门古老手工艺,非物质文化遗产——藏毯,得到更多关注和研究。

Tibetan Carpet, known as one of the non-material cultural heritage, is hailed as the world's three most famous blankets, together with Persian Rugs and Oriental Art Blankets. Being a leader in the traditional arts & crafts, it has a great artistic value not only in its various artistic styles but also unique ethnic characteristics.Manufactured with fur of the most quality yaks and rams that live in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tibetan Carpets, including carpets, tapestries and mats, were praised for their beautiful, strong-contrasting color and a mass variety of styles which are implied by strong religious characteristics, reflecting the natural landscape, and displaying the cultural customs. Because of their special warmth and cold resistance, Tibetan Carpets have become an integral part of daily lives of Tibetan people who live at high altitude.Gyantse, with its long history, is regarded as the place that led the development of Tibetan carpets in ancient times. Early as the Qing Dynasty, Gyantse Tibetan carpets were tribute by the Tibetan local government officials as a precious gift to the central government. During the long period of history, people of Gyantse inherited the tradition crafts and created the famous Gyantse Tibetan carpets with continuous exploration, practice and innovation.In this paper we used a variety of methods such as literature investigation and field survey, in order to show a study of Tibetan carpets Gyantse, from the point of view which includes history, technology and current status. First, we analyzed the significance and value of Gyantse Tibetan carpets, then described the environment in which Gyantse Tibetan Carpets were created, as well as its impact, from the view of history, geography, cultural religions. With the artistic style summarized, including their species, design and features, we analyzed the development of arts & crafts of Gyantse Tibetan Carpets, including the development in the different historical stages and current industry structures. Since Gyantse Tibetan Carpets has become a local economic and cultural industry with characteristics, we analyzed the development of Gyantse Tibetan Carpets through actual inspection and research, which includes industry scale, economic benefits, etc. Finally, we summarized the current existing problems of Gyantse Tibetan Carpets during its development and transmission, and put forward opinions and suggestions for the problems.With its unique artistic style, Gyantse Tibetan Carpets have great artistic and cultural values. We studied the early literatures, but few work that focus on the arts & crafts were found. As a result, our work mainly focus on these subjects. With the method of literature investigation and field survey, we analyzed the advantages and limitations of the development of Tibetan Carpets, and proposed reflections as well. We hope this article could make it possible that Tibetan Carpets, as an ancient craft and intangible cultural heritage, would get more attention and study.