北京动物园是中国最早的现代动物园，从清末、民国、新中国再到今天已经经历了一百多年的时间，北京动物园的每个历史阶段的发展是对西方科学技术学习与转化历史，也是社会对动物态度的发展的历史。动物保护运动肇始于19世纪的英国，随着民众对动物态度的改变，动物福利的立法，欧美国家对动物福利的关注由个别种类的动物扩展到多有的动物。“丰容”最先由心理学家提出，丰容的提出丰富了动物福利的含义——不仅动物的身体，动物的心理健康也要求动物管理者考虑。1995年北京动物园首次进行了丰容尝试。21世纪，动物园的丰容工作更广泛、更深入。本文以对北京市动物园关于丰容的实地访谈调查为材料，同时结合国内外对学者对动物园丰容的研究成果，对这些材料进行梳理，综合分析北京动物园这些年丰容工作的开展情况和丰容效果，本文还关注了动物福利意识与动物园丰容的关系。不仅动物园员工的专业技术知识影响动物园丰容效果，动物园管理者对动物福利的认识也对丰容工作有影响。长期以来动物园在伦理上的合理性受到质疑，但在目前全面废除动物园尚不现实的前提下，提高动物园的动物福利也是促进动物保护，提升民众动物保护意识的重要方面。
Beijing zoo is the earliest modern zoo in China. From the late Qing Dynasty, the republic of China, the new China time to today has experienced one hundred years of time. Beijing zoo’s history is the history of learning from the West, and during these time society attitude towards the animal has changed. Animal protection movement originated from 19th century Britain. With the public attitude toward animal changed and welfare-oriented legislation of animal protection, more species animal welfare are considered. Environmental enrichment is presented by psychologist, then special techniques developed for attacking practical aspects. Environmental enrichment emphasized the importance of psychological well-being as well as health.Beijing zoo began incorporating environmental enrichment practices in 1995. In the 21st century, the zoo fully carried out the enrichment work. By using the method of documentary and interview investigation, this paper studies the development of environmental enrichment in Beijing zoo. This article pay special attention to the relationship between the consciousness of animal welfare and the environmental enrichment. Both the staff level of the basic knowledge and consciousness of managers interferes with work progress. Zoo play a important role in raising awareness of animal welfare. Improve the welfare of zoo animals is helpful to the realization of the function of the zoo. Although zoo is questioned on ethic rationality, as matters stand presently, zoo plays an important role to advance conservation, scientific and education.
