本论文对工业互联网的研究，主要基于三大背景：一是全球工业正处于重塑发展理念、调整失衡结构、重构竞争优势的关键节点，抢占新一轮科技和产业革命制高点成为各主要发达国家的共同目标，智能制造则成为共同选择；二是信息通信技术（ICT）持续演进升级，正给制造业带来革命性影响，将深刻调整全球产业竞争格局，工业互联网不但成为可能，而且越来越成为各国发展智能制造的战略支点。三是我国正处于制造大国转向制造强国、网络大国转向网络强国的关键时期，工业互联网正被寄予厚望，2015年政府工作报告首次提出实施“中国制造2025”，将推动移动互联网、云计算、大数据、物联网等与现代制造业结合，促进“工业互联网”健康发展作为主要任务。然而，在工业互联网为什么、是什么、如何看、怎么干等基本方面，还远未形成较为成熟的思路，亟需得到科学的回答。本文以发展和联系的视角，理论知识和案例分析并举，重点完成了五个方面的任务：一是对各主要国家积极布局智能制造、促进工业互联网发展的战略部署进行了较为细致的梳理和分析，特别是对德国工业4.0战略、美国先进制造战略两个最有代表性的工业互联网战略进行了深入的比较研究，找出了共性和本质。二是从国际经验、基本国情以及科技和产业规律出发，首次较为清晰地界定了工业互联网的内涵和外延，提出了工业互联网的关键要素、技术架构和产业体系。三是引入“产业公地”分析视角，借鉴熊彼特创新理论和制度变迁理论的主要思想，并梳理总结美、德等主要发达国家的共性做法，阐释了政府应该在工业互联网发展特别是顶层设计方面发挥关键作用，形成政府和市场“两只手”高度互补的战略实施格局。四是深入分析了我国发展工业互联网的现实基础，既旗帜鲜明地提出在大国市场、制度体制、互联网应用以及互联网与工业融合创新实践方面的独特优势，也突出地指出了在核心技术、安全隐患、支撑环境等方面的关键制约。五是较为系统地提出了推动我国工业互联网发展的基本战略考量、总体思路、主要任务和切入点，从技术创新、产业培育、国际合作三个层面提出实施创新驱动、资源整合、国际化三大战略，并围绕战略及政策的制定和执行提出了操作层面的建议。
The research on industrial internet in this paper is based on three considerable backgrounds. The first one is that the global industry is at a critical juncture of remodeling the development concept, adjusting the unbalanced structure and reconstructing the competitive advantages. At this time, all major developed countries are sharing the same goal of grabbing off the High Ground of such a new technology and industry revolution and the same choice of intelligent manufacturing. The second one is that the on-going update of ICT is bringing an revolutionary impact on manufacturing, which will influence the global industry competition landscape significantly. Consequently, the industrial internet will not only be more true but also be the strategy fulcrum of intelligent manufacturing to all countries. While the last one is that China is facing a crucial time for stepping to be a powerful manufacturing country from a large one and moving from a big size to be a world power in network. And the industrial internet is raising great expectations, which is demonstrated clearly in the report on the government’s work of 2015. In the report, to implement the “China manufacturing 2025” strategy is put forward unprecedentedly. And driving the mobile network, cloud computing, big data, internet of things etc. to combine with the modern manufacturing and promoting the sound development of the industrial internet are the main tasks. However, basic questions about what the industrial internet is for, what the industrial internet is, how to treat it and what to do etc. requires scientific answers in mature logic.From the developmental and connecting perspective, this paper accomplished five following tasks with the theoretical knowledge and case analysis:Firstly, combed and analyzed all major countries’ strategic plans for positive distribution of intelligent manufacturing and promotion of network development in plenty of details. In particular, two representative industrial internet strategies, German Industrial 4.0 Strategy and American Advanced Manufacturing Strategy, were researched and compared in depth. And the commonality and essence were discovered. Secondly, defined the denotation and connotation of industrial internet clearly the first time based on the international experience, fundamental realities of country and development laws of technology and industry. And the key elements, tech structure and industry system of the industrial internet came up. Thirdly, elaborated the government’s key roles in the development of Industrial Internet, particularly in the top-level designs, and the formation of one strategy landscape where the government and market are highly complementary. This work was done by introducing the “Industrial Commons” analysis perspective, referring to the main ideas of Schumpeter’s innovation theory and institutional change theory, combing and summarizing the common practices of the major developed countries, like US, German.Fourthly, analyzed the realistic foundations for the development of industrial internet in China, not only clearly pointed out unique advantages in followings: market of a large country, institutions and systems, application of network and the innovation and practices in the combination of network and industry, but also indicated the restrictions in core techs, security, supporting environment etc. Lastly, came up with the basic strategies, considerations, overall ideas, main tasks and entry points to drive the development of industrial internet in China. Additionally, proposed three strategies, innovating drives, resources integration and internationalization, from three different aspects, technology innovation, industry growth, international cooperation. And offered some viable suggestions for the making and implementation of the strategies and policies.
