在当今社会中，科技发展的意义和价值越来越取决于它的经济效益、社会效益和认知价值。尤其当科技进入示范和推广阶段，科技与社会的结合则更为紧密，其互相影响的效应也逐渐凸现，而公众接受度视角则是解释科技与社会主体互动的一个有益视角。由于长期的备受争议，核电技术成为探讨科学与社会互动的典型案例。特别是福岛核事故之后，公众接受度成为影响核电技术推广的关键要素。已有科技社会学的研究成果认为：知识水平能够有效推动公众理性思考核电技术，进而提升公众的接受度，因此应该大力推动“公众理解科学运动”。本研究在基于对当前我国开展核电领域公众沟通工作的两个试点城市——葫芦岛与汕尾大样本问卷调查的基础上，结合案例研究，通过因子分析、多元回归与倾向得分匹配方法试图回答以下研究问题：哪些因素影响公众对核电的接受度？民意能否被政府开展的公众沟通工作所影响，进而提升对核电的接受度？本研究主要结论如下：（1）我国政府试图影响公众接受核电的方式可归纳为三种政策工具：科普宣传、政治动员与公众参与。科普宣传作为一种政策工具，旨在提升公众对核电的知识水平与科学素养；政治动员作为一种政策工具，旨在激发公众的“集体主义情怀”，提升公众对核电的情感认知；公众参与作为一种政策工具，旨在增强公众对政府、核电企业、科学家以及媒体的信任程度。（2）邻避主义理论所高举的“利己”假设无法完全解释公众在面对核电站的心理认知。尽管本研究发现公众对核电的利益感知与对核电的风险感知会影响公众对核电的接受度；但是公众对核电的内心认知过程中，也表现出“非经济人”与“非理性人”的一面：公众对核电项目的情感认知以及社会信任会显著影响公众的接受度，而公众的知识水平并不显著影响公众对核电的接受度。（3）不同的政策工具所影响公众对核电接受度的效果也有所不同。政治动员与公众参与可以提升公众对核电的接受度，然而科普宣传难以有效提升公众对核电的接受度。政治动员可以有效提升公众的“集体主义价值”，加强公众对核电项目的情感认同；公众参与可以提升公众的社会信任程度；而科普宣传却难以提升公众的知识水平进而提升对核电技术的接受度。（4）作为威权国家，我国政府有强大的资源分配能力与组织动员能力，可以采取多种途径影响民意走向。旨在提升公众对核电接受度的多种政策工具实现了对公众观念的形塑，形成政策反馈机制。
Nowadays the significance and value of scientific and technological development has increasingly depended on its economic and social benefits and cognitive value. Especially when it comes to demonstration stage and deployment stage, the relationship between science and society has become much closer. Interaction between them is becoming obvious, which can be best illustrated from the perspective of public acceptance. Nuclear technology, because of its controversies, has become the typical case for the research on interaction between science and technology. It is indeed that public acceptance has become a key factor in the process of nuclear technology deployment since Fukushima nuclear accident. According to the theory of the STS, knowledge enables the public to treat nuclear power rationally and promotes public acceptance, so there is no doubt to vigorously push forward public understanding of science activity. Based on the large scale questionnaire survey in two cities which are planning to build nuclear power station, Huludao and Shanwei, this study tries to answer the following research questions by multiple regression analysis and propensity score matching method. 1) Which factors will influence the public’s acceptance to nuclear power? 2) Could public opinion be influenced by the governments’ work on public communication, thus to promote public acceptability? The conclusions of the research are as follows. (1) There are three kinds of policy instruments taken by the governments to promote public acceptance of nuclear power: popularization of science knowledge, political mobilization and public involvement. The policy of popularization of science knowledge aims to promote the public’s scientific understanding of nuclear power by optimizing public knowledge structure. The goal of political mobilization is to stimulate the public’s collectivism. The objective of public participation is to strengthen the public’s trust in the governments, enterprises, scientists and media groups. (2) During the internal cognitive process, public acceptance of nuclear power is not only affected by risk-benefit perception of nuclear power but also by emotion perception and social trust of nuclear programs. It means that the public’s knowledge does not influence their acceptance of nuclear energy significantly. (3) The effects of three policy instruments are also different. As two kinds of policy instrument, political mobilization and public participation help to promote public acceptance, while popularization of science knowledge fails to do that effectively. Political mobilization is conducive to strengthening the public’s collectivism and their emotion perception of nuclear programs. Public involvement contributes to promoting social trust, while popularization of science could not effectively encourage the public to promote related knowledge to accept nuclear power. As an authoritarian state, Chinese government has strong mobilization ability, which can shape public opinion by many kinds of policy instruments and bring policy feedback among the public. （4）As an authoritarian state, Chinese government has strong ability of mobilization and allocation, which can achieve to influence public opinion by many mechnasims. The policy instruments to raise the public acceptance of nuclear power can shape the public opinion, which form policy feedback mechanism among the mass.
