本文研究无线网络中资源配置优化问题。针对网络中存在节点协作和信息流交互的客观事实，我们研究如何高效率地利用时间、功率等系统资源获得更大的传输速率。首先，本文研究中继信道中新型传输策略及其中继功率分配和时隙分配；随后，研究高斯干扰信道获得最大和速率的功率配置问题；最后，研究蝶形网络中渐近最优的信号设计。论文的主要贡献包括以下三点： 第一，针对全双工中继信道，提出了一种新的基于译码转发和压缩转发的混合传输策略。通过引入信噪比分解的理念，刻画了高斯中继信道中使用译码转发和压缩转发的时隙分配和中继功率分配的联合优化问题并在理论上给出它们的近似解。在准静态衰落中继信道中，给出了不同信道条件下的最优功率分配方式。研究表明所提出的新策略能够获得比译码转发、压缩转发更高的传输速率，并有效地控制了编译码复杂度；相应的时隙功率分配近似解能获得接近最优的传输速率。将此理论结果应用到移动中继场景，给出了大尺度衰落模型下中继位置与协作策略选取的优化配置关系图。 第二，针对高斯干扰信道，给出了在弱干扰和中等干扰强度下，不采用时间分享技术时获得最大和速率的功率分配策略。通过刻画公共信息速率界和私有信息速率界，导出了不同信道条件下高斯干扰信道中公共信号和私有信号功率分配的闭式解和相应的最大和速率显式表达式。该研究指出在某些情形下不必将信息分成公共信息和私有信息，从而降低了接收端译码复杂度；而在其他情形下，必须要求两信源发送的公共信号在接收端形成的两个多址接入信道具有相等和速率。 第三，针对典型的蝶形网络，提出了一种渐近最优的信号设计方法，证明了其对应的多播速率域的渐近最优性。利用确定性模型，设计了确定性蝶形网络中达到多播割集外界的资源分配方案。参考该资源分配方案并利用嵌套格型码，提出了无线蝶形网络的信号设计方案并给出了对应的多播速率域。证明了该多播速率域与割集外界之间的距离小于3 比特每秒且该距离同网络中所有的链路信噪比无关，从而证实了导出的可达多播速率域和提出的资源配置方案的渐近最优性。 本文从网络信息论的角度出发，讨论了功率与时间分配、节点协作策略及相应的编译码技术，这些研究对提升网络的传输速率，增强系统的资源利用效率有一定的指导意义。

This dissertation investigates the system resource optimization problem in wireless networks. As there exist many kinds of cooperation among nodes and interplay between information flows, we find how to efficiently make use of the system resource including time and power, to achieve much higher transmission rate in wireless networks. First, we investigate the cooperation strategy and its time and power allocation over relay channels. Then, we extend our study to the power allocation for Gaussian interference channel in order to achieve the maximal sum rate. Finally, we consider the asymptotical optimal signal design for typical butterfly networks. The main contributions can be summarized as follows.Firstly, for full-duplex relay channels, we propose a new hybrid transmission scheme in which the decode-forward (DF) and compress-forward (CF) are embedded in a smart way. We first introduce a new concept of signal-to-noise ratio decomposition (SNR decomposition), and then analyze the joint relay power and time slots allocation problem in hybrid-scheme-based Gaussian relay channels via SNR decomposition. Furthermore, we get an approximate optimal solution to it in theory. For quasi-static fading relay channels, we also present optimal power allocation with respect to channel states. This study manifests that our new scheme can achieve rates larger than that by using DF or CF and it can also efficiently control the coding complexity at the same time. More importantly, the approximate solution can approach the theoretical optimum very well and make the system achieve near-optimal transmission rate. As an application of the developed theory, we extend it to mobile relay scenarios and clearly characterize the relationship between relay position and selection of cooperation schemes when channels experience large scale attenuation.Secondly, for Gaussian interference channels, we present the optimal power allocation strategy achieving the maximal sum rate without time-sharing in the weak and medium interference regime. By thoroughly analyzing the information rate bounds corresponding to public message and private message under different channel states, we derive a closed form solution of power allocation for public signals and private signals as well as the explicit expression of its achievable maximal sum rate. This study manifests that for some cases, it is not necessary to divide the message into the public one and the private one. In this case, it can greatly decrease the decoding complexity. For other cases, it is necessary that the sum rate constraint at the receivers corresponding to the multiple access channels of both users' public signals should be equal.Thirdly, for typical butterfly networks, we put forward an asymptotically optimal signal design and prove the asymptotical optimality of the corresponding multicast rate region. We first make use of the deterministic model to design the resource allocation scheme that achieves the cut-set outer bound for multicast in deterministic butterfly networks. Based on the obtained deterministic resource allocation scheme and nested lattice coding, we propose a new signal design in wireless butterfly network and derive its multicast rate region. We then prove that the gap between our developed multicast rate region and the corresponding cut-set outer bound is less than 3 bits per second, which is not related to the signal-to-noise ratio of all the channels in typical networks. This demonstrates the asymptotical optimality of our proposed resource allocation scheme and the corresponding achievable multicast rate region.In summary, this dissertation studies time and power allocation, node cooperation schemes and the corresponding encoding and decoding technologies in the viewpoint of network information theory and get some important results. These results will provide some new insights for improving both the transmission rate and the resource utility efficiency of the wireless systems.