随着人类工业化进程的快速发展，环境污染和能源危机已经成为人类文明继续发展的瓶颈。因此页岩气的勘探开发和二氧化碳地质封存作为解决以上两个问题的关键技术越来越受到人们的广泛关注和重视。本文采用理论分析、实验观察和数值模拟相结合的方法，对流体在微多孔结构内的流动规律进行了研究，为我国节能减排关键技术的发展提供基础理论和技术支持。本文采用格子Boltzmann方法从孔隙尺度数值研究了单相流体在微多孔结构内的流动，在Maxwell的镜面反射理论基础上，提出了对复杂结构的速度滑移边界新的处理格式，解决了格子Boltzmann方法对三维微尺度滑移流动问题的准确数值模拟。研究表明：压力驱动的微尺度泊肃叶流动，增大出口Kn数将会提高壁面滑移速度减弱非线性压力，增大进出口压力比则会出现相反的现象。计算了空气在粒径为10μm和20μm烧结的多孔结构内流动的摩擦因子，得到了比直接求解一阶滑移边界条件的Navier-Stokes方程更符合实验值的计算结果。基于同一岩心，对三类压力脉冲法测量渗透率模型进行了比较分析，并修正了API模型的错误，研究表明：所有模型的计算结果均与标准值符合良好，在可以忽略气体吸附效应的情况下，Jones模型和API模型结果是一致的，具有较高的准确性；否则，应优先选用Cui模型。提出了使用速度滑移边界条件的格子Boltzmann方法对致密岩心进行渗透率计算，该数值方法能够很好地预测岩心的渗透率，计算区域和Kn数的选取对岩心渗透率预测值的准确度起到了决定作用。为了观察两相流体在微多孔结构内的流动和驱替规律，采用实验观察和数值模拟的方法进行了研究。实验结果发现：水溶性SiO2纳米流体高于水驱替十二烷的效率。超临界压力CO2略高于十二烷驱替水的效率。在降压析出实验中，溶于水的CO2以气泡的形式在多孔结构的圆柱表面生长，气泡直径与时间近似线性关系。模拟结果发现：水驱替十二烷的模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好。减小粘性比、增大驱替流体的接触角和提高驱替速率均会增强两相流在微通道内的指进现象。孔隙结构是影响相对渗透率大小的重要因素，圆形颗粒构成的多孔结构相对渗透率大于方形颗粒构成的多孔结构；同时，润湿相流体的相对渗透率对多孔结构的比表面积的变化不敏感，而增大多孔结构的比表面积会减小非润湿相的相对渗透率。

With the rapid development of human industrialization, environment pollution and energy crisis have been the bottlenecks of continued advancement of human civilization. As the critical methods to solve the aforementioned problems, great consideration has been focused on exploration of shale gas and geological storage of carbon dioxide. In order to provide the basic theory and technical support for the development of China’s energy saving and emission reduction, this paper integrated theoretical analysis, experimental observations and numerical simulation method to investigate the flowing law of both single phase and two phase fluid in micro porous.Numerical studies of single phase flow in micro porous structure were performed with pore scale modeling by using Lattice Boltzmann method in this paper. In order to obtain the correct simulation results on the three dimensional microscale slip flow problems by using Lattice Boltzmann method, a new scheme to deal with slip velocity boundary condition for complex geometries was proposed, which was based on the Maxwell’s specular reflection theory. The results showed that in the microscale poiseuille flow driven by pressure difference, larger Kn number would increase slip velocity and decrease nonlinear pressure. On the contrary, larger pressure difference would lead to adverse phenomenon. The fraction factors of air flow through micro porous structure with particle diameters of 10 and 20 μm were calculated in this paper, and the results were much closer to the experimental data than the results obtained by solving Navier-Stokes equations with the first order slip boundary.Based on the same tight rock, three permeability measurement models based on pressure pulse decay method were compared and analyzed. In addition, a mistake in the API model was fixed. The results showed all the data calculated by the three models were in good agreements with the standard value. The Jones model and API model are more accurate when the gas adsorption could be ignored, otherwise Cui model should be selected. A new type of numerical method was presented to calculate permeability of tight rock by using Lattice Boltzmann method with slip velocity boundary condition. The results indicated that the numerical method proposed in this paper could predicate the permeability of tight rock correctly, while it should be noted that the simulation region and Kn number could decisively affect the accuracy of the predicated value.In order to explore the flowing and displacing law of two phase fluids in micro porous structure, a combination of experimental investigations and numerical simulations were adopted in this paper. The experimental results showed that nanofluid with SiO2 particle had a larger sweep efficiency than water when displacing dodecane; while the sweep efficiency of supercritical CO2 was slightly greater than dodecane when displacing water. In the pressure reduction experiment, the dissolved CO2 separated out from water as the form of growing CO2 bubbles attached on the surface of porous structure. The relation between diameter of CO2 bubble and growing time was approximately linear. The numerical simulation results revealed that the simulated results were in good aggrement with experimental data for the case of water displacing dodecane. Fingering phenomenon would be enhanced by decreasing viscosity ratio or increasing the wettability and velocity of the displacing fluid during the two phase displacement in micro channel. The two phase flows in porous structure of circular grains are more connected and continuous, consequently the lower flow resistance and higher relative permeabilities for both wetting and non-wetting fluids. Furthermore, the relative permeability of the wetting fluid is not sensitive to specific surface area of porous structure. The relative permeability of non-wetting fluid would decrease with increasing the specific surface area.