巴氏合金是一种性能优良的轴承合金，它具有良好的抗粘着性、减摩耐磨性、顺应性和嵌入性。由于其良好的摩擦磨损特性，巴氏合金被广泛使用在航空、电力、汽车、能源等工业领域。然而在实际工况中，巴氏合金经常由于异常摩擦磨损而产生失效，给相关行业带来了巨大的损失。因此，对巴氏合金摩擦磨损的研究具有重要意义和价值。 本文以巴氏合金ZSnSb8Cu4与45#钢为摩擦副，研究了巴氏合金ZSnSb8Cu4在不同实验参数（润滑条件、干摩擦、对磨面表面粗糙度、载荷、滑动速度和温度等）下的摩擦磨损行为。利用Plint TE92多功能摩擦磨损试验机对巴氏合金试样进行摩擦磨损试验；利用扫描电镜、EDS能谱仪、X射线衍射分析仪、白光干涉三维形貌分析仪观测巴氏合金磨损表面的微观形貌、微观组织、化学成分、物相、磨痕形貌和元素种类等。其中，本文将着重利用XRD分析巴氏合金磨损表面物相的变化情况，同时利用扫描电子显微镜中的二次电子成像图（SEM）和背散射电子成像图（BSE）来对磨损表面进行观察分析。 实验结果表明，巴氏合金具有良好的减摩性、耐磨性，在润滑条件下能保持较低且稳定的摩擦系数和磨损率。在摩擦磨损过程中，巴氏合金表面会生成光滑、连续致密的硬质相Cu6Sn5釉质层，Cu6Sn5釉质层的存在提高了巴氏合金磨损表面的硬度，减小了实际接触面积，起到耐磨减摩的作用，并有利于形成稳定的润滑油膜。硬质相Cu6Sn5釉质层的生成与载荷、滑动速度和温度有关，较高的载荷、速度和温度都有利于形成Cu6Sn5釉质层，并且在较高滑动速度时有利于形成稳定的动压润滑油膜，进一步优化了巴氏合金的摩擦磨损性能；但是过高的温度（150℃）会破坏Cu6Sn5釉质层，加剧磨损，导致巴氏合金的失效。由于其特殊的磨损机制，在温度低于工作温度极限（150℃）时，高载高速有利于提升巴氏合金摩擦磨损性能。在干摩擦条件下，巴氏合金摩擦系数和磨损率较大，摩擦磨损主要表现为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和蠕变软化造成的材料流动。所以巴氏合金在实际应用中，应当避免高温和干摩擦，适当提高载荷和速度能优化其摩擦磨损性能。
Babbit alloy is a kind of high property bearing-material. These alloys present good resist adhesion properties, good wear resisting, corrode-resist properties and well conform-embed properties. Since the excellent properties of Babbit alloy, it is widely used in aviation, electricity, auto industry, energy etc. The failure of Babbit alloy causes huge losses to the related industries. Therefore, the study on tribology behaviors and properties of Babbit has important value.In this paper, tribological behaviors of Babbit alloy ZSnSb8Cu4 sliding against 45 steel under different conditions were investigated. The tribological properties was investigated with Plint TE92 wear-test machine. The micromor-phologies, microstructures, chemical composition, phase galling morphology and element types were tested by the SEM, EDS, XRD and White Light Interferometer. This paper focuses on the use of XRD analysis of the worn surface of Babbit alloy phase. The surface morphology and phase were tested by SEM and BSE.The experiment results show that Babbit alloy presented good wear resisting property. The friction coefficient and wear rate remained low and stable under lubrication. A smooth, dense layer of Cu6Sn5 was generated on the surface of Babbit alloy during the friction. The Cu6Sn5 layer improved the wear resisting property by increasing the surface hardness and reducing the actual contact area. And it is conductive to the formation of oil film stability. High load, high sliding velocity, high temperature could accelerate the formation of Cu6Sn5 layer. The wear resisting property of Babbit alloy will get better by oil film formed at a high sliding velocity. But the failure of Babbit alloy will occur by the damage of Cu6Sn5 layer at a temperature above 150℃. So high load and high sliding velocity improved the wear properties of Babbit alloy at a temperature below 150℃ for the special wear mechanisms of Babbit alloy. The friction coefficient and wear rate kept high under dry sliding condition. The main wear mechanisms were abrasive wear, adhesive wear and material flow by thermal-softening and creep. In conclusion, high temperature and dry sliding must be avoided at the actual working conditions. And the wear resisting property will be improved by increasing load and sliding velocity properly.
