特高压直流输电是一种新型的输电技术，它在输电距离、输电容量以及损耗等方面，与超高压输电方式相比具有明显的优势，被誉为“电力高速公路”。2010年7月26日国内首条特高压直流输电线路±800 kV复奉线投入运行，线路全长1906.7 km,输送功率为640万千瓦，其中线路途径重庆段线路长度286.9 km。伴随着±800 kV复奉线投运，如何很好的对其风险隐患进行及时预警，做好运行维护工作，成为确保电网稳定运行亟待解决的问题。而三维GIS及其可视化技术在超高压输电线路运行维护中日趋成熟的运用，成为解决这一问题的关键钥匙。本文将三维GIS及其可视化技术相结合并引入到特高压输电线路的运维管控中，对特高压直流输电线路的三维可视化运维管控平台进行设计，以对特高压输电线路运行状态进行有效监测。本论文工作主要针对特高压直流输电线路的总体特点进行了研究，并对其常见的故障进行了分析说明。根据输电线路的运行特点，对输电线路的运维信息进行了分析；同时对输电线路的常见危险点进行了分析，主要包括雷电闪络事故、污秽闪络事故、覆冰闪络事故、风偏放电事故以及鸟害事故等。通过对各种典型事故的研究分析，总结出了影响事故发生的主要因素，以及这些事故对整个电力系统带来的危害。在此基础上，提出了特高压直流输电线路的运维发展需求，提出对不同的闪络事故应当根据不同的地域条件、气候环境等因素所采取相应的有效措施建议，明确了特高压输电线路三维可视化运维管控的范畴和设计原则。三维可视化运维管控的范畴研究和框架设计原则的研究工作内容包括四部分：整体结构框图，物理结构图，工作流程图，功能模块设计。实现了影响特高压直流输电线路安全稳定运行的主要运维管控功能，包括树竹生长超高对输电线路短路故障的风险预警、高温重负荷风险预警、低温覆冰风险预警以及交叉跨越风险预警。最后，以±800kV复奉线(重庆段)及500kV输电线路为背景，利用本研究设计的三维可视化运维管控系统对重庆段输电线路进行了监测，对其主要运维管控内容进行了验证和分析。为特高压直流输电线路的事故风险预警提供了有效监测，具有重要的实际意义。
Ultra-High Voltage Direct Current electrical power system is one kind of the novel electrical power transmission technologies. A lager capacity of electrical power can be transferred within a very long distance by the UHVDC system than that is transferred by normal electrical power systems. Furthermore, such kind of electrical power system is more energy efficient. The fulong-fengxian ±800 kV UHVDC transmission line was put into operation in 26th July 2010. This transmission line has a length of 1906.7 km and a transmission capacity of 6400 GW. The section of the transmission line passing through Chongqing district has the length of 286.9 km.In order to operating the fulong-fengxian ±800 kV UHVDC transmission line safely, the most immediate problem need to be solved is to check up the operation risks in actual time. The three-dimensional GIS visualization technology matures and its using in the operation of EHV transmission lines affords a key reference to solve this problem. In this thesis, the three-dimensional GIS technology and the visualization technology were employed jointly to detect the operation risks of fulong-fengxian ±800 kV UHVDC transmission line. The operational contorls system was firstly designed and constructed, and was subsequently employed to monitoring the operation condition of the UHVDC transmission line.The general characteristics of operating the UHVDC transmission line was researched in advance, and the general faults were analyzed; Based on the operation characteristics, the operation and maintenance information of the UHVDC transmission line was deeply analyzed; the general faults of the transmission line, including the lightning flashover accidents, contamination flashover accident icing flashover accidents, air accidents have partial discharge and bird damage accident are also analyzed. The major factors that induced the accidents were found by analyzing the typical faults. The harms were also analyzed. Based on the above results, countermeasures were proposed to solve the flashover accidents caused by various topographical conditions and weather conditions. The discipline of designing the three-dimensional GIS visualization system to be used for the operational contorls of UHVDC transmission lines.The major operational contorls was achieved by researching into the scope and design discipline of the three-dimensional GIS visualizationoperational contorls system. The researching works include designing the major block diagram of the overall structure, the physical structure, the work flowcharts and the functional modules. Theoperational contorls system can warn the faults caused by the high bamboo trees, heavy loads combined with high temperature, ice accumulation at low temperature, and low risk warning icing and transmission lines scissors crossing.The constructed three-dimensional GIS visualization operational contorls system was employed to monitor the operation condition of fulong-fengxian ±800 kV UHVDC and 500 kVtransmission line, and to found the faults of the transmission line. The effectiveness of the operational contorls system was tested and analyzed.
