本文主要研究清代律例规制对于娼妓问题的具体规定及适用。借由法律现象来考虑律文设定的初衷和实效，在制度与实效的矛盾中解析出隐形的法律文化，为儒家礼制下娼妓颇成气候的吊诡格局提供一定的解释。娼妓主体具有相当的复杂性和特殊性，非营业性质的官娼可包括宫妓、官妓、营妓和家妓四类，以营利为目的的私妓又可分为市妓和土妓流娼，各自的社会功能和生存方式是有所差异的，因此也被赋予了不同的法律命运。在维护治安、笼络汉民、增加赋税的初衷下清政府通过除乐籍制度开创性地废除了宫妓；“禁止官吏宿娼”一条废除了官妓以提高行政效率，至此官娼在形式上被终结。借助无夫奸存废之争的启发，将私妓有罪与否置于犯奸门下讨论。首先从奸非罪普通条款来看，强调“引诱”的刁奸罪是不适用的；从私奸罪的犯罪构成要件上看只要是非基于合法婚姻关系的性行为都是该入罪的，但是该条保护的对象限于良家妇女，不在此类的娼妓也就不适用了。其次，从奸非罪特殊条款来看，“奴及雇工人奸家长妻”“良贱相奸”所针对的特殊群体是不涵盖娼妓的；“买良为娼”律、及该律下的“逼勒卖奸”例和“窝顿流娼土妓”例用以在于对强迫卖奸以及非法经营的限制；唯独“奸宿”例对娼优及宿娼狎优者有明确的比照适用规定。因此，从理论上看，律例对官娼私妓还是倾向于持否定态度的。但是从立法技术和实效上反观，禁娼条文都是颇受非议的。搜索相关案例，未发现一起是单纯惩治卖奸宿娼者的，丰富的娼妓文学和社会学作品中展示出的清代娼妓蔚为大观之景也愈加证实禁娼规制乃一纸具文。其主要原因在于：一是礼教保护的性道德并非生物意义上的贞节，旨在维护父权夫权男权有序的家族伦理，重在坚守“贵”“良”较之与“贱”的等级优势；二是娼妓群体的存在对于婚姻制度起着互补平衡之效，共同稳定着秩序，其功能性是被包容于社会控制目的之下的。清代娼妓打破了“性道德严明”与“性行为偏差”不能共存的误解，也启示今人从尊重人性和接纳现实的客观角度理性对待娼妓问题。
In this article, the topic is about whether the prostitute be punished or forbidden in the Great Qing Legal Code. Concerning the legal phenomenon and legal culture, the propose and effectiveness of the legal article could be made clear,which provide some explanation for the uncoordination between ritual systerm and the prostitution population.Firstly, to make the prostitute be detailed classification. Prostitutes are of considerable complexity and specificity, including uncommercial prostitutes and profit – making prostitutes. They have different social function and life style, resulting different legal fate.Secondly, to analysis the legal areticle accordingly. The goverment abolished the uncommercial prostitution to maintenance the social order and increase taxes.And forbidding the officials cousuming sexy services to improve administrative efficiency.What is more,the law tended to hold a negative attitude to profit – making prostitution. Even though it was not applicable to the Common Terms about illegal sexual behavior, we found out one special term which stated clearly that prostitution was forbidden.Finally, referring to the consistent or contradictory picture of written law, specific case and social status, the obscure intention of social control could be told. Legislative technique about the special term is not so brilliant that it has been criticized.At the same time , we can not find any case about prostitute was been punished by this special term to certificate it is of real effectiveness. I think the main reasons are as following: Chinese Confucianism is to protect the Family Ethics rather than biological chastity ; Prostitution can balance the chain of marriage.This phenomenon calls up our rationality and respect for human appetence.
