噪声对人体健康的损害具有长期性和隐蔽性的特点，其影响不容忽视。建筑施工噪声由于其产生的随机性、暴露环境的不固定性以及暴露人群的流动性等特点，其职业健康影响更加隐蔽而不易察觉。为了解建筑施工噪声环境排放及建筑工人的噪声暴露现状，分析其职业健康影响，更有针对性地制定相应的管控措施及补偿标准，提升建筑业职业健康管理水平，本研究通过对不同项目施工噪声的监测获得大量第一手数据，并通过统计分析、对比分析等方法，着重从噪声大小、波动、频谱、峰值和谷值等五方面对噪声环境排放和暴露规律进行了深入分析，同时，通过建立量化评价方法，本研究进一步对监测项目进行了职业健康损害测评，对其特点进行了详尽解析。本研究成果具有一定的代表性，可以较好地支持施工现场职业噪声管理。 具体来说，本研究首先根据建筑施工噪声的排放特点及主要工种的作业形式，分别制定了施工噪声环境排放监测方案和噪声暴露监测方案，并选择了4个不同类型的建筑施工项目进行了实地监测，共获取环境排放类监测有效样本482组，噪声暴露类监测有效样本298组，基于这些数据，本研究对施工噪声环境排放规律和不同工种噪声暴露规律进行了深入的总结分析。 基于健康风险评价方法，本研究构建出了基于现场实测暴露数据的健康损害量化评价方法，将暴露数据和健康损害之间的量化关系建立于职业卫生学和流行病学研究的科学基础上；同时，本研究将评价人群拓展至职业人群范畴，在评价结果上则将健康损害DALY值进行了货币化表征，不仅与原有的建筑工程生命周期环境-健康影响评价体系实现了较好的融合，拓展了评价范围，更丰富了原有体系的评价范式和内涵，增强了评价的科学性和全面性，可为建筑工程其他非清单类健康风险因子的量化评价提供了重要的参考。 最后，基于建立的评价方法，本研究对监测项目进行了职业健康损害测评，指出了职业健康损害较为严重的几类主要工种。希望本研究的成果能够提升建筑从业人员对施工噪声的了解，并对其造成的职业健康损害有更清晰而直接的认识，从而为施工噪声的防控治理以及施工工人职业健康管理提供客观科学的依据，切实保护好建筑施工人员的职业健康，提升我国建筑业职业健康管理水平。
As a long-term process, the health impacts of noise on human beings can be hardly noticed and easily ignored. Construction noise，which is randomly generated and have no fixed exposure environment, is more easily ignored. To better understand the environmental emission and the exposure of construction noise, and its health impacts on workers, this study have collected mass of data, on the base of which, the characteristics of environmental emission and workers’ exposure of construction noise were compared and analyzed in noise level, volatility, frequency spectrum, maximum, minimum of noise. Then, using established quantitive method, the health impacts of construction noise on workers were also calculated, which can be used to develop appropriate control measures and compensation standards, thus the occupational health management can be improved in construction industry. Specifically，based on the characteristics of construction noise and work patterns of different construction trades, environmental emission and exposure measurement scheme of construction noise were made. Then，the two measurement schemes were carried out in four pre-chosen construction projects, which have different scales and types. Totally，780 valid samples were collected, including 482 environmental emission samples and 298 exposure samples. By comparing and analyzing these samples, the characteristics of construction noise in different stages were summaried. In addition, according to health risk assessment theory, this study have proposed a quantitative method to evaluate the health impacts of construction noise on workers, based on the scientific relationship between the exposure data and the health impacts，which is provided by Occupational Hygiene and epidemiology studies. This method enriches the connotation and scientificity of evaluation system previously established, which mainly assesses the environmental influences and health impacts of buildings in life cycle, for the method expands the evaluating scope from public to occupational groups, and introduces a new evaluationg paradigm. Consistent with the original evaluation system，the evaluation result are also provided in DALY, which can be easily transformed to currency. This method can also provides important reference for assessing other environmental health risk factors’ health impacts on occupational groups. Finally, the evaluation method were applied to three construction projects. The evaluation results were compared between different stages and projects. I hope this study can improve the understanding of construction managers to construction noise，and help construction managers realize the damage caused by construction noise exposure. Thus, scientific prevention and control of construction noise can be made and occupational health of construction workers can be better protected.
