高电压工程领域电场测量具有场强幅值高、频带较宽的特点，传统的电场传感器往往无法满足要求。光电集成电场传感器适用于高电压工程领域强电场测量，但自身仍有若干重要问题亟待解决，制约了其发展和应用。电场传感器时域校准研究的欠缺，也限制了传感器在时域测量中的应用。为了解决传感器内部金属电极影响待测电场的问题，论文通过研究铌酸锂晶体电畴反转的原理，设计并实现了无电极型的光电集成电场传感器，计算得到该传感器的理论参数和工艺参数。该传感器不包含任何金属材料，具有对待测电场影响小、线性测量范围大的优势。根据国标建立工频电场测试系统研究了传感器的输入输出特性，结果表明，该传感器的线性测量范围达15 kV/cm。由于设计与工艺的原因，已有的基于M-Z结构的光电集成电场传感器的静态工作点难以控制。为解决这一难题，提出了基于3 dB耦合器的新型波导结构，利用理论计算和数值仿真的方法确定了该结构的主要参数，设计并实现了基于该结构的光电集成电场传感器，与已有结构相比，大幅减小了传感器静态工作点的偏移量。研究了新型光电集成电场传感器的电气和温度特性。提出了用曲线拟合与曲线反推进行校准与测量的方法。分析计算了晶体自身物理特性对传感器温度特性的影响，并进行了实验验证。根据相关国际标准，研究确定了用于高电压工程领域的强电场传感器的时域校准方案，利用产生核致电磁脉冲（NEMP）信号的有界波模拟器校准了传感器的上升时间和频率特性，利用波形模拟信号校准了传感器在雷电波信号和长波头操作波信号下的波形准确度与刻度因数。估算了校准结果的不确定度，确定了传感器的适用范围。建立了多通道光电集成电场测量系统，完成了正极性雷电波1 m棒板间隙冲击电场时域测量实验。发现了空间电场的跃升现象，并利用光电倍增管进行验证。测量了跃升后的空间电场分布，为此类理论研究提供了参考数据。在特高压真型实验塔上完成了标准操作波U50%放电空间电场的测量，得到了长空气间隙放电时先导通道附近空间电场的时域波形。
Electric field to be measured in high voltage engineering has very large amplitude and wide frequency range, and electro-optical integrated electric field sensor can meet the challenges above instead of conventional electric field sensor. But the development and application of electro-optical integrated electric field sensor were restricted, because there were some important problems of this kind of sensor.Electro-optical integrated electric field sensor with no electrodes was designed and implemented based on the principle of domain inversion of lithium niobate to avoid the effect of metallic electrodes to the electric field to be measured. Theory parameters and technical parameters of the sensor with no electrodes were obtained by computation. There is no metal in the sensor. It has less effect to the electric field to be measured, and has very large measurement range. Line frequency electric field calibration was carried out reference to GB/T12720-91. It can be concluted from the experiment results that the linear measurement range of the sensor to line frequency electric field is greated than 15 kV/cm.The static operating point of electro-optical integrated electric field sensor can hardly be controlled because of the technology level nowadays. Novel wave guide structure based on 3 dB coupler was proposed to solve this problem. Key parameters of this structure were determined by theory calculation and numerical simulation. Electro-optical integrated electric field sensor of 3 dB structure was designed and fabricated, and its static operating point can be well controlled.The electrical and temperature characteristics were researched. The method of curve fitting and inversed prediction was used in the calibration and application of the electro-optical integrated electric field sensor. Theory and experiment researches to the temperature characteristics of the sensor were carried out. Scheme of time domain calibration for the electric field sensor used in high voltage engineering was analyzed and confirmed. The rise time and frequency reponse of the sensor were calibrated in boundary electromagnetic pulse simulator which generates NEMP signal. Waveform accuracy and scale factor of the sensor were calibrated with the signal of standard lightning impulse and long head switching impulse. Uncertainty of the calibration was estimated.Multi channel measurement system was established, and the electric field measurement experiment of a 1m rod-plate air gap with positive lightning impulse was carried out. Phenomenon of “zooming” of the space electric field was discovered, and was verified by electron-multiplier phototube. The distribution of space electric field after “zooming” was researched, and field strengthes at different measurement points were measured. The electric field measurement experiment of space discharge of standard swiching impulse in the middele window of the UHV tower was carried out, and waveforms of the electric field of the space near the leader channel were obtatined.
