能源困境是当今人类面临的重大问题之一。高效、环保的节能和储能技术，是各国学者研究的重点。飞轮储能具有快速充放电、瞬时功率大、效率高、无污染等优点，是目前最有发展前景的储能技术之一。 高速复合材料飞轮是飞轮储能技术的发展趋势，而纤维缠绕型复合材料飞轮径向强度低、易脱层。将多层层间混杂飞轮发展为多层层内混杂飞轮，在飞轮径向实现压应力，解决了径向脱层问题。基于混合律得到材料的弹性常数，建立单层和多层复合材料飞轮的力学方程，考核横向拉伸模量对应力与变形的影响，提出混杂飞轮的层间配合关系，分别设计了5层和11层混杂飞轮并进行力学分析，研究分层数目对应力与变形的影响。 提出一种径向纤维增强的斜纹机织复合材料飞轮结构，采用仿形织造技术，织造出飞轮预成型件，采用RTM工艺与VARIM工艺完成机织飞轮和斜纹机织单层板的固化成型。提出采用斜纹机织单层板弹性性能和强度来等效机织飞轮材料特性。分别采用刚度体积平均方法和有限元细观力学方法，预测了斜纹机织单层板的弹性性能，计算结果与测量数据吻合较好。建立了机织飞轮在离心载荷下的结构力学分析模型，进行I型、II型飞轮的应力与变形分析，对机织飞轮织造参数进行优化，降低了离心应力，指明机织飞轮改进的方向。 分析了飞轮旋转测试系统的动力学特性，设计并制作出2个混杂飞轮，完成5个机织飞轮的旋转破坏试验，分析其破坏模式，完成1个混杂飞轮和1个机织飞轮的变形测试，测量值与理论值吻合较好。 为开展飞轮储能技术应用于智能电网的实用型研究，研制了20 kW/2.4 kWh的复合材料飞轮储能系统。应用有限元软件ANSYS完成飞轮结构设计和动力学分析，设计了卸载力1600 N的永磁轴承。应用两平面影响系数法进行动平衡，将上下轴承处的振幅压制在10 μm以内，减振效果良好。飞轮平稳通过二阶临界转速，最高转速达到7500 rpm，为后续高速试验打下基础。
The energy crisis is one of the crucial issues faced by human beings today. Development of high efficient, environment friendly energy-saving and energy storing technology is the focus of research around the world. One of the most promising energy storage technologies is the flywheel for energy storage, which has great advantages of rapid charge and discharge, high efficiency and high power density. The design life has no degradation during its entire life cycle unlike chemical batteries. The trend of flywheel energy storage technology is the high speed composite flywheel. However, the filament winding composite flywheel has low radial strength that results delamination. The composite flywheel with commingled fiber layers was developed in this thesis to produce radial compressive stress, which solves the delamination problem. The elastic constants of commingled composite were obtained by the mixed law, and the mechanical equations of the single layer and multi-layer composite flywheel were established. The influence on stress of transverse tensile modulus was assessed. The method for no delamination was presented, and a 5-layer and 11-layer commingled composite flywheel were designed and analyzed by using elasticity theory. The effect on stress and deformation of the layered number was studied. The thesis proposed the twill woven composite flywheel structure whose radial strength was reinforced by radial fibers. Preforms of the woven composite flywheel were got by using profiling weaving technology. The curing molding of the woven flywheel and the twill woven single plate was completed by using RTM and VARIM. The elastic properties and strengths of woven flywheel were same as the twill woven single plate. The stiffness volume average method and the finite element micromechanics predicted the elastic properties of twill woven composite, and the numerical results were in good agreement with the measured data. The structural mechanics model of woven flywheel under the centrifugal load was established. The mechanical analysis of the type I and type II woven flywheel was carrid out before and after optimization of the weaving parameters. The dynamics of the flywheel spin test system was analyzed. Two commingled flywheels were designed and manufactured. The failure modes were analyzed after the rotation failure of five woven flywheel. The deformations of one commingled flywheel and one woven flywheel were measured, and the measured values were in good agreement with the theoretical values. A 20 kW/2.4 kWh composite flywheel energy storage system was built for the practical application in smart grid. The flywheel structural design and dynamics analysis was completed based on ANSYS software. The permanent bearing of the system provided magnetic force which is 1600 N. Two plane influence coefficient method was used for dynamic balance, and the amplitude of the upper and lower bearings was suppressed less than 10 μm, which means good damping effect. The flywheel passed through second-order critical speed stably, and the maximum speed reached at 7500 rpm, the more high-speed test will be carried on.
