御三家制度是围绕德川幕府初代将军德川家康三个最小的儿子义直、赖宣和赖房所建立的家族而建立起的一系列制度。德川幕府通过赋予其在政治、经济以及礼仪等方面的崇高地位和特殊权力，使御三家成为独立于其他势力的特殊政治集团，并对牧幕府政治产生了重要的影响。本文针对目前中国学界的研究现状，通过批判性整理分析日本学界研究成果，对御三家制度的内容与表现形式、以及产生和发展过程进行详细叙述。在此之上，进一步对该制度形成的原因和背景加以分析。 本文主要围绕三个方面展开。首先，整理御三家在政治、经济以及社会生活各个方面拥有的特殊地位、待遇和权力；其次，梳理御三家制度的产生、发展以至完全确立的历史过程；最后，以柯林武德“问答逻辑”为指导理论，对御三家制度的成因进行分析和推测。综合来看，笔者认为，首先，御三家通过主从关系、恩给关系上的特殊待遇，领地俸禄、武家官位、政治权力上的特殊地位，形成了一个完整的特殊身份制度体系。而这一制度，由德川家康草创，经过之后将军的变动发展、完善成型，最终于五代将军时期确立，并在此之后存在调整。德川家康对于御三家制度的形成有着决定作用。而该制度产生的原因，即影响家康设计出这项制度具体内容的原因，则是江户初期的政治现状、前代政权失败的教训、他本人的情感因素三个主要方面。

The System of Three Branch Families Tokugawa is a series system established around the families of TokugawaLeyasu`s three youngest sons, Yosinao, Yorinobu, and Yorifusa, whose father was the first Shogun Tokugawa. By giving them the lofty status and special powers about political economic and ceremonial parts, Tokugawa Shogunate put the three families into a special political bloc with independent forces, which had a important impact on the Shogunate politics. In response to the Chinese current research, there will be a research on the content and manifestations of the system Three-B-F, as well as the generation and development process which are described in detail, through the critical analyzing work about the Japanese scholars` research.Based on that, there will be a further analysis of the causes and background about thesystem formed.This article is organized around three main aspects. The first part will start at collating the Three Branch Families` special status, treatment and power in all aspects of political, economic and social life. Secondly, the research will be expanded by combing the historical process of the system`s generation, development and fully establishment. At last, the causes of the system will be analyzed by using the guiding theory called “a logic of question and answer” raised by R. G. Collingwood. In general, firstly, the three families owned a special treatment by the master-slave relationship and the gracing relationship, a special position by the fief, the samurai`s official position, and the political power. Based on these conditions, a complete system of special identity had been formed. This system was founded and determinate by Tokugawa Leyasu, and changed or developed, perfect molded by other shoguns after him, and eventually established by the fifth shogun, adjusted after that.In my opinion, Tokugawa leyasudescried and designed the system of the Three-B-F. And the reason that this system began, which also means the factors affected Leyasuto design the content of this system, is the political situation in early Edo period, the failures history of the former regime, and the emotional factors himself.