润滑的目的是在摩擦表面之间形成具有法向承载能力的油膜，用来减少摩擦阻力和降低材料的磨损。润滑不良导致的磨损是机械设备失效的主要原因，润滑研究对于国民经济具有重要意义。因此，研究典型工况下摩擦副的润滑以及油品性质在其中的作用，具有重要的工程意义和应用价值。论文利用SRV高温摩擦磨损试验机模拟了发动机活塞环-缸套的苛刻工况，实验研究了高温高速下润滑剂的摩擦性能与抗磨性能，在此基础上，对发动机的润滑油选配提出关键指标。针对发动机轴承系统动态载荷的特点，自主设计了偏心载荷下轴承油膜耐冲击能力的测试实验台，提出了采用油膜的径向跳动量作为油品耐冲击能力的评价指标，对相应油品的耐冲击载荷能力进行了测试比较。该方法相比仅含有润滑油粘度项的油膜刚度公式更加全面的反映了润滑油的成膜能力及界面性能。通过实验验证，该方法可以有效帮助选择轴承在偏心载荷下具有较好油膜刚度的润滑油。利用改造的FZG齿轮实验台，完成了四种油样的齿轮箱台架试验，测试了不同载荷与转速下的齿面温度、润滑油温度，实验研究了不同油量（浸润深度）、不同转速下，油温随时间的变化。结果显示，减少齿轮传动中润滑油的油量，对于其胶合承载能力有很大影响。油量减少导致齿面温度升高，在高速重载情况下，齿轮更容易出现胶合失效的状况；针对试验台架，获得了最佳的加油量。在实验研究的基础上，利用润滑方程、传热学等相关理论对FZG齿轮胶合性能实验台中的实验齿轮箱建立了润滑油温升模型，该模型考虑了齿轮啮合过程中齿面卷吸速度随啮合位置的变化以及搅油损失对油温的影响。模型与实测结果吻合较好，相同条件下，转速越大，油温越高；转速等其它工况相同时，油量越大，油温越低。

The purpose of the lubrication is decreasing friction resistance and reducing wear and tear of materials by means of forming oil film which between the two frictional surface has the normal carrying capacity. The research for lubrication has a great significance for the national economy. The wear and tear caused by the bad lubrication is the main reason for failure of the mechanical equipment. Therefore, it has important significance and application value to research the lubrication of the friction pairs and the role of oil properties in it on the typical working conditions. Using SRV high temperature friction and wear testing to simulate the harsh conditions of the engine piston ring-cylinder liner, and experimental study of the friction performance and anti-wear properties of the lubricants on high temperature and high-speed, On this basis, putting forward the key indicators for selecting the engine lubricating oil.Aiming at the dynamic loading characteristics of engine bearing system, self-designing the testing equipment for the impact-resistance ability of bearing oil film in the eccentric load, putting forward to using the radial run-out quantity of oil film as the indicator for evaluation the impact-resistance ability of lubricating oil, then, test and compare the impact-resistance ability for several oil. This method can reflect the ability of forming the lubricating oil film and the interface performance more comprehensively than the formula which only contain oil viscosity, and it can effectively help to select the lubricant which has better oil film stiffness in the eccentric load.Taking advantage of the improving FZG gear test beach, completed experiments about four kinds of oil samples, simultaneously, tested the temperature of gears and the lubricant in different load and rotation rate, in additional, making a study of the oil temperature changing alone with time in different oil mass (depth of immersion) and rotation rate. The results show that reducing the amount of lubricant in the gear transmission have a significant impact on its agglutination carrying capacity. Further to say, reducing the mass of lubricant leads to the situation that the rising the gear temperature, the easier prone to the scuffing failure in the condition of high speed and heavy load.On the basis of experimental research, establishing the heat-model of experimental gearbox in FZG gear test beach, according to the theory of the lubrication equation and the heat transfer. The model considered the influence of the speed of the gear entrainment velocity, following the change of the position of meshing in the process of gear meshing, and the churning oil losses on the oil temperature. Briefly, the model is tally better with the measured results. In the same condition, the faster the rotation rate, the higher oil temperature. While in the same working condition, the larger oil mass, the lower the oil temperature.