建筑工人的不安全行为是造成安全事故的直接原因，并且建筑工人的不安全行为在建设现场非常普遍，致使建筑业的安全事故频发，迫切需要采取行动减少建筑工人的不安全行为，以改善建筑业的安全状况。然而，现有研究未能揭示建筑工人不安全行为产生的机理，尚未给出有效的减少建筑工人不安全行为的管理措施。因此，论文选择从认知的角度分析建筑工人不安全行为产生的机理，识别导致建筑工人不安全行为的原因，设计减少建筑工人不安全行为的管理工具，以提升施工企业的安全管理能力。论文的主要研究工作和成果包括：1）基于行为是认知的产物的假设，提出认知失效导致不安全行为的机理，并构建行为产生的认知模型，包括行为产生的认知原理、认知的环节构成和认知的相关属性等；2）基于行为产生的认知模型，结合建筑工人的行为特点和不安全行为原因分析的需要，构建建筑工人行为产生的认知模型，识别建筑工人认知失效的模式，并阐述认知失效的机理；3）基于认知失效的机理，通过文献研究、理论推导和案例研究依次识别四种认知失效模式产生的原因，亦即导致建筑工人不安全行为的根本原因；4）通过行为观察、访谈和问卷调查对建筑工人不安全行为产生的原因进行实证检验，结果证实从认知的角度分析建筑工人不安全行为产生的原因是合理的，“选择应对”环节失效是导致建筑工人不安全行为的最主要原因，以及忽视不安全行为风险的外部性会导致建筑工人倾向于选择不安全行为；5）基于识别得到的导致建筑工人不安全行为的原因，为OHSAS18001建议的安全管理工作开发了不安全行为管理工具，包括不安全行为原因识别和调查工具、不安全行为管理措施、不安全行为管理工作的职责划分，以及安全检查的方式和流程等。在理论层面，论文以认知失效为纽带搭建施工企业的管理问题与建筑工人不安全行为之间的桥梁，揭示了管理问题和认知缺陷相互作用导致建筑工人不安全行为的认知机理，为研究建筑工人不安全行为提供了崭新的视角和扎实的理论基础。在实践层面，论文识别了导致建筑工人不安全行为的具体原因，为施工企业开发了不安全行为管理工具，这些工具可以协助企业实现全面安全管理，对提升企业管理建筑工人不安全行为的水平、改善企业的安全管理绩效，具有重要的应用价值。
As an immediate cause of accidents, construction worker’s unsafe behavior is common on construction sites, which results in construction industry with a high accident rate. There is therefore an urgent need for actions to minimize construction worker’s unsafe behaviors to improve safety situation of construction industry. However, current researches fail to reveal mechanism of construction worker’s unsafe behaviors, and fewer safety measures could be used to minimize construction worker’s unsafe behaviors. Thus, a cognitive perspective was adopted to explore mechanism of construction worker’s unsafe behaviors, identify causes of construction worker’s unsafe behaviors, and develop safety management tools to strengthen safety management of contractors.The efforts and outcomes include: 1) According to an assumption that behavior is a product of human’s cognition, cognitive mechanism of unsafe behaviors was proposed, and cognitive behavioral model was also established, including cognitive principles, cognitive process, and cognitive characteristics. 2) Based on the cognitive behavioral model, a cognitive behavioral model for construction workers was developed to adapt the characteristics of construction worker’s behaviors and the needs to identify causes of unsafe behaviors. In adition, four cognitive failures were identified, and mechanism of cognitive failures was analyzed. 3) Using literature review, theoretical analysis and case studies, causes of four cognitive failures were identified with the mechanism of cognitive failures, which are also the root causes of construction worker’s unsafe behaviors. 4) The identified causes of construction worker’s unsafe behaviors were empirically tested through observation, interview, and questionnaire survey, and the results demonstrated that a) it was reasonable to identify the causes of construction worker’s unsafe behavior from cognitive perspective; b) failure in ‘selecting a response’ was the most primary causes of construction worker’s unsafe behavior; c) underestimating externality of construction worker’s unsafe behaviors would drive construction workers to select unsafe behaviors. 5) Based on the identified causes of unsafe behaviors, safety management tools focusing on construction worker’s unsafe behaviors were developed for the safety management suggested in OHSAS18001, including tools for indentifying and investigating causes of construction worker’s unsafe behaviors, management measures to minimize construction worker’s unsafe behaviors, departmentable responsibilities, safety checking approaches and procedure, and so on.In theoretical aspect, this thesis proposed the mediating effect of cognitive failures in the influences of contractor’s management issues on construction worker’s unsafe behaviors, and provided a cognitive view and also a cognitive foundation for future studies on construction worker’s unsafe behaviors. In practical aspect, this thesis identified specific causes of construction worker’s unsafe behaviors and developed management tools to minimize unsafe behaviors, which are useful to promote constractor’s safety management on unsafe behaviors and improve contractor’s safety performance.
