汉魏之际学术思想发生巨变，儒学出现危机，名法思潮兴起。在此时代背景中，司马氏与礼法之士的家族文化的共同特点，是坚持以儒家学说为核心并兼综名法。这一共同的思想基础使他们在政治生活中走到一起，在司马师掌权后形成了较为稳固的利益集团，并成为魏晋之际的政治当权派。他们的政治思想对魏晋之际官方儒学产生了直接影响。因此，系统研究司马氏与礼法之士的政治思想，或可从一个特定角度揭示官方儒学在这一时期的理论特点、演变过程与历史意义。 本文从思想理念、制度建设及政治斗争三个层面分析该利益集团的政治思想：第一，在著述与政论层面上，表现出杂家化新儒家的思想特征：一方面，他们反复强调儒学治国的核心地位，批判过度崇尚法家学说；同时总结并发展汉魏以来名法、儒学合流的倾向，用“礼”调和儒法，主张礼法结合、以礼仪精神为法律原则，形成了礼法之治理论，较为成功地调和了名法与儒学的矛盾；另一方面，他们的法律观、君臣观、人才观都在儒家思想中不同程度杂糅入了法、道、墨等子学。第二，制度建设层面上，在定礼制法时表现出两个特征：一方面，强化儒家的主导地位，规定禁妾媵为妻、禁并后匹嫡两条礼仪以维护丧服制度的稳固与嫡庶之别；将结合丧服思想的宗族观念渗透入法律法规之中，首次规定了“犯大逆者不诛及已出女”以及“准五服以制罪”的法律原则；另一方面，受到玄学影响，通过重新诠释儒家经典，首次确定了新心丧，实践了内在自然情感重于外在礼仪规范的思想理念。最后，在政治斗争层面上，表现出重权术的名法派特征，使儒家的道德理想主义特点逐步丧失，向政治权术化的方向发展。总体而言，杂糅道、法之学的儒学思想主导了他们在政治实践中的思想特征：在应用并改造传统儒学以求儒学治国的同时，表现出了名法倾向并受到玄学影响。司马氏与礼法之士在古代儒学史上具有承上启下的重要作用，他们不仅进一步去除儒学神学化色彩，而且延续了儒学治国的政治传统。但其政治思想中的道家因子，使这些家族的后代到西晋元康时期融入了玄学思潮，而儒家思想则在士族社会中逐渐边缘化。
This dissertation mainly studies on the political thought of Simas clans and several Etiquette Criterion scholars between the Wei and Jin Dynasties, from which we try to figure out the development of their theory and the official Confucianism during this period. During Jian-an period, there are two groups of scholar-bureaucrat: School of Confucians and School of legalists. These two groups learned from each other and grew the Etiquette Criterion school. The trend of thought appeared in Han-Wei period which were their theoretical sources. Confucianism was their core ideas which was dependent on their academic background.Before and after Gao Ping Ling coup, Sima Yi formed a loosely-knitted league with the first group of the Etiquette Criterion school. After Sima Shi took office, Simas clans formed a community of interests with first and second group of the Etiquette Criterion School. The community of interests contributed to the stability of Simas Clans' political power and the combination of their political thought. This dissertation research on their political thought on two different dimension which are the ideological concept and political practice.It may provide a new perspective of Bureaucratic group's political thought.From this method, we found three characteristics of their political thought.First one, their ideological concepts gave priority to the Confucianism.At the same time, it absorbed components in Legalism, Taoism and Mohism. They emphasized that etiquette and legislation should be both used in governance.They tried to use "etiquette" to coordinate Confucianism and Legalism. They insisted on that "etiquette" must be the fundamental principle of legislation and formed a theory called theory of etiquette and legislation.Second, during setting up new rules of etiquette and law, they made use of Confucianism as the dominant idea of ruling a country. Through the interpretation of Confucius Classics, they established the Xinsang(心丧)。A new idea combined the idea of Sangfu into ancestral idea which were applied to legislation by they, thus，they set the basic principle of law which named "criminate according to the five costumes".Third, although they praised Confucianism highly, they were not idealist. In politics conflicts Confucianism and ethic were governance resort to them.The Taoism components in their thought gave rise to metaphysicization of their descendants. As a result, the Xuanxue(a philosophical sect in the Wei and Jin dynasties,metaphysics) rose during Yuankang yeas. Their thought played an important part in the history of Confucianism. They persist in maintaining Confucianism as the dominant idea in ruling a country, an made further efforts to get rid of the theologization of Confucianism.
