建筑领域的节能减排研究，对于应对气候变化，实现可持续发展有重要的意义。以往对于建筑节能的研究主要集中在运行阶段，随着绿色建筑概念的提出和推广，需要更多地从全生命周期的角度来进行节能减排的研究。本文的主要研究目的就是基于典型案例的生命周期能耗和二氧化碳排放计算，比较和总结绿色建筑与普通建筑的能耗和碳排放差异和特点，对不同因素的影响进行敏感性分析。同时对于建材数据库和建材评价工具的构建进行讨论。首先，通过对国外100多个案例的调研，梳理了建筑生命周期能耗和二氧化碳排放的计算模型和数据获取方法。通过国外常见软件Athena、CASBEE以及国内建材生命周期数据库的对比研究发现，不同数据库的能耗和碳排放计算结果存在不同程度的差异，较大的可以达到约30%的误差。同时利用清华大学开发的BELES建材数据库，收集到304个案例的建材清单并进行了能耗和碳排放的计算。通过统计分析，对结构体系、抗震等级、建筑层数、热工分区以及绿色星级等不同因素的影响进行了研究。结果表明，建筑层数与建材含能及碳排放的相关性最高，其次是抗震等级和结构类型。其次，对包括一批获得绿色建筑标识的住宅和公建项目等典型案例进行了生命周期能耗和碳排放的计算，对比分析了绿色建筑与普通建筑之间的能耗和碳排放差异。同时与通过文献调研获得的国外案例进行了对比研究。结果表明，公共建筑生命周期能耗和碳排放约为住宅建筑的2倍；绿色公共建筑生命周期能耗比普通公共建筑低33%，比大型公共建筑低38%。绿色住宅生命周期能耗比普通住宅低13%，但是其单位面积建材含能比普通住宅高25%；绿色公建运行两年节约的运行能耗就能抵消其在建材阶段的能耗增量，而绿色住宅需要14年。建筑碳排放特点与能耗类似。最后对建筑建材清单数据库的构建做了讨论，建立了在线建材全生命周期含能和碳排放测评工具，为建材生命周期评价的推广应用提供支持。通过本文的案例研究，掌握了国内绿色建筑的生命周期能耗和碳排放现状，为绿色建筑评价的完善以及与建材生命周期评价的结合奠定基础。

Energy saving and carbon emissions reduction of the construction sector has a great effect on sustainable development. While most prior research has focused mainly on the operation phase of the building, it’s important to study the energy saving from the perspective of the lifecycle of the building. The main purpose of this study is to calculate the life cycle energy consumption and carbon emissions of typical cases to compare the differences of between green buildings and normal buildings in China. Firstly, according to the review of the researches on life cycle energy consumption and CO2 emissions of buildings in recent years, including a detailed analysis of 104 case studies across 16 countries, the models of LCE and LCCO2 have been built. By the comparison study of a number of commonly used domestic or international building materials life cycle databases, it is apparent that they vary in presentation of calculation results on energy consumption and carbon emissions, the biggest error rate reaching about 30%. Then, by using BELES building materials database, to calculate energy consumption and carbon emissions from the building materials of 304 building cases, according to the building materials lists collected by the cooperation with many domestic research institutes and enterprises. Through statistical analysis of the calculation data, to figure out the influential degrees of different factors including the structural system, seismic level, building floors, thermal partition and green star level. The results show that building floors is significantly correlated to embodied energy of building materials and carbon emissions, seismic level and structure type followed. In multi-storey and high-rise buildings, embodied energy per unit mass of building materials and carbon emissions are relatively low.Then, by calculating the life circle energy consumption and carbon emissions of a number of typical cases among green residential and public buildings, the comparative analysis between the green building and ordinary building is performed. Another comparative study with the foreign cases is done as well. The results show that the life cycle energy consumption and carbon emissions in public buildings is about 2 times that of residential buildings; life cycle energy consumption of green public buildings is 33% lower than the ordinary public buildings, 38% lower than the large-scale public buildings. Green residential building is 13% lower life cycle energy consumption, but 25% higher embodied energy per unit mass of building materials than the ordinary residential building, similarly with the characteristics of building carbon emissions and energy consumption. Finally, the establishment of building materials list database is discussed, and a tool for assessing embodied energy in building materials and carbon emissions is built, which has established the foundation for the promotion and application of building materials life cycle assessment.