非婚同居作为一种社会现象古已有之。20世纪60年代以来，随着性解放运动以及女权主义的兴起，非婚同居最先在西方流行开来，之后扩散到全球各地。目前世界上的主要国家，尽管法律制度不尽相同，但基本都对非婚同居进行了立法规制。改革开放以后非婚同居现象在我国也越来越多，现实生活中因非婚同居而产生的财产纠纷也层出不穷。但我国立法并没有及时对出现的新情况进行回应，立法对此采取了回避的态度，现行立法存在明显的滞后性和局限性。立法的滞后性导致了现实中大量因非婚同居而产生的财产纠纷无法得到有效的解决，使得部分非婚同居者的利益没有得到保障，加剧了社会的矛盾。因此，在借鉴其他国家立法经验基础上对我国非婚同居制度进行立法规制刻不容缓。本文通过对非婚同居在现实中出现的财产纠纷进行归纳，引出立法应当在哪些方面加以规定。然后介绍了我国的相关立法沿革及现行立法。我国对于非婚同居的规定长期采用事实婚姻的模式，先后经历了四个主要阶段，在这四个阶段中围绕是否承认事实婚姻的选择上来回徘徊，单一采用事实婚姻来调整非婚同居的做法被证明是行不通的。对立法沿革的回顾发现我国非婚同居立法的立法理念存在问题，理念的落后导致了在具体财产制度上的不足。通过对英美法系典型国家英国、美国、澳大利亚，大陆法系典型国家法国、德国、埃塞俄比亚非婚同居立法进行比较研究，总结出各国非婚同居立法的异同点，并对各种立法进行对比评价，希望能对我国立法的完善提供一些借鉴。通过分析比较笔者认为我国目前应当采取单行法的方式对非婚同居加以规制，在调整模式上宜采用区别于婚姻的同居不登记制为主，以区别于婚姻的同居登记制作为补充。并尝试对非婚同居财产制、扶养关系、继承关系等内部效力以及外部效力提出一些立法建议，以期能对中国非婚同居制度立法有所裨益。
As a social phenomenon, non-marital cohabitation has existed since the ancient times. With the rise of sexual liberation movement and feminism, non-marital cohabitation first became popular in the West since 1960s, and then spread to the whole world. Most of the world’s countries have made legislation about non-marital cohabitation, despite their difference on legal system. Non-marital cohabitation increased quickly in China after the reform and opening up and disputes due to non-marital cohabitation became endless. Yet, we haven’t responded to the new situation in time, the legislature adopted an evasive attitude the legislation on non-marital cohabitation. There is obvious lag and limitations in our current legislation on non-marital cohabitation. Legislation lags caused a large number of non-marital cohabitation property disputes can not be effectively resolved in reality. The interests of the non-marital cohabitants are not guaranteed and exacerbated social contradictions. Therefore, we must learn from the legislative experience other countries and enact legislation on non-marital cohabitation without any delay.I summarized what should be contained in the non-marital cohabitation laws from generalize the legislation about non-marital cohabitation in foreign countries. Then introduced China's legislative history and current legislation. China's non-marital cohabitation provisions of the pattern of de facto marriage has gone through four major stages and hover on the choice of whether to recognize a de facto marriage during these stages. Single de facto marriage to adjust the non-marital cohabitation practice proved to be unworkable. The lack of institutional specific property became obvious after the review of the legislative history about legislative concept of non-marital cohabitation legislation. Though the Comparative Study of the non-marital cohabitation legislation in the typical common law countries, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and typically civil law countries France, Germany, Ethiopia, summarize the similarities and differences between countries in non-marital cohabitation legislation, and a variety of legislation for comparative evaluation, and hope to do some reference to the improvement of China's legislation. I believe that China should take a single law to the regulation of non-marital cohabitation in the adjustment mode different from the marriage, cohabitation registration system should be used mainly to distinguish it from the marriage, cohabitation registration produced for supplementary. In order to do some benefit to the legislation on non-marital cohabitation in China, I tried to make some legislative proposals about the internal effectiveness and external effectiveness of non-marital cohabitation property system, dependency relationship between inheritance relationships.
