为了缓解能源、矿产、水源、土地等资源短缺的矛盾，突破传统建筑业管理粗放和劳动密集的发展瓶颈，我国政府自1999年开始推动住宅建设实施产业化发展模式。近年，在相关政策和建立产业化示范基地的推动下，我国的住宅产业化在结构可靠性、质量安全控制以及标准化体系研究方面都有了阶段性进展。但是，有关产业化住宅建设环境影响方面的研究还不足。鉴于此，有必要通过实地调研监测，开展产业化住宅环境影响测评工作，研究住宅产业化建造模式较传统建造模式在环境影响方面的优势及需要改进的环节。 首先，论文选择北京市住宅产业化示范基地中具有较强可比性的产业化住宅和传统住宅作为测评对象，对其材料制备与构件生产、现场施工安装及外保温施工过程进行了全面细致地监测调研，获取了两类住宅在资源、能源消耗和施工废弃物产生量等方面的环境表现基础数据，并比较产业化住宅较传统住宅在节能减排方面的优势与不足。 其次，论文基于生命周期评价理论（LCA），根据课题组已建立的建筑工程环境影响评价体系（BEPAS）和建筑工程健康损害评价体系（BHIAS），对产业化住宅和传统住宅建设进行综合环境影响评价分析。从资源消耗、生态破坏和健康损害三个方面对环境表现基础数据进行特征化归类，基于社会支付意愿法（WTP）对不同类型的环境影响指标进行加权评估。为了得到切实反映我国现状的WTP值，论文根据最新的环境污染税费标准及相关治理成本对评价体系的权重系统进行更新。基于更新后的权重系统计算两类不同建造模式的住宅功能单位的综合环境影响WTP值，得出产业化住宅较传统住宅在综合环境表现方面的优势与不足。 此外，为了确切反映目前我国政府在环境治理方面的侧重方向，同时也为了衡量实施住宅产业化对实现相关环境影响政策指标的作用，论文基于目标距离法，根据北京市“十二五”时期各项规划中制定的与住宅建设相关的节能减排和绿色发展目标，建立了基于北京市环境政策的目标距离评价模型。分别从资源消耗、生态破坏和健康损害三个方面计算比较规划面积的住宅采用产业化建造模式和传统建造模式对北京市“十二五”环境影响政策目标的贡献率。 希望通过本文的成果为后续的深入研究提供扎实的基础，同时为产业化相关政策的制定提供客观、科学的依据，以促进我国住宅产业化的稳健发展。
In order to alleviate the conflicts about the shortage of energy, minerals, water, land and other resources, break the labor-intensive bottleneck of building industry, the Chinese government has promoted the development of housing industrialization since 1999. In recent years, driven by related policies and the establishment of Industrialization Demonstration Bases, the development of housing industrialization in China has made some initial progress, especially in the studies of structural reliability, quality and safety control, as well as standardization system. However, the study of environment impact on industrialized house construction is still insufficient. Whereas all these mentioned, it is necessary to start the study on the environment impact assessment of industrialized house to find out the advantages and disadvantages of industrialized building model in the resources and energy conservation as well as protection ecological environment through field investigation. Based on one industrialization demonstration project in Beijing, this paper chooses two residential projects that have the similar scales and same housing type which constructed using the two different patterns above by the same construction related parties as investigation objects. Starting with collecting environmental date at the processes of prefabricated components production, construction and equipment installation as well as building exterior decoration of typical floors at the same story height, the environmental performance assessment is categorized into three aspects: resources depletion, energy consumption and construction waste production. A comparative analysis with traditional construction model is also performed to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of industrialized construction model in energy saving and emission reduction. Based on theory of life cycle assessment(LCA), this paper characterized the environment basic date of housing construction into three aspects——resources consumption, ecological destruction and health damage according to the Building Environmental Performance Analysis System (BEPAS) and the Building Health Impact Analysis System (BHIAS) that were developed by our research group. The social willingness to pay (WTP) method is applied to make the weighted assessment of the various types of environmental impact. The weighting system is updated according to the latest environmental pollution tax standard and management costs. The comprehensive environmental benefits and the comparative analysis and conclusion of Unit square meters for industrialized house and traditional house are calculated. In the meantime, on the basis of inventory analysis, contribution rates to policy objective of industrialized house and traditional house are figured out by using the distance-to-target method. The weight of the evaluation system is based on the planning indices made in 12th Five-year Plan of Beijing and the environmental impact comparative analysis is represented in resources consumption, ecological destruction and health damage. Based on field investigation, this paper studies the environment impact advantages and disadvantages in the construction processes of industrialized house and traditional house, and puts forward some specific recommendations for improvements. I hope this study can provide a scientific foundation for further research and offer objective and scientific basis for related policies making and promote the development of housing industrialization in China.
