摘要 中国左翼文学理论在被纳入现代文学史叙述框架的过程中，始终伴随着中国社会的历史剧变与政治运动，相应地，左翼文论的理论状态也始终呈现出与此紧密相连的政治意识和现实焦虑。按一般意义的理解，“左翼文学”是以1930年中国左翼作家联盟的成立为标志的，在思想上宣扬革命理念，倡导无产阶级文艺思潮，是中国左翼文艺运动的一部分，且直接受共产党的领导，始终与现实政治和国际无产阶级运动相呼应，具有鲜明强烈的革命立场和政治意识。因此，左翼文学理论从一开始就与无产阶级文艺理论、马克思主义理论密切相关，是与革命的历史进程相配合的文化形态与理论实践方式。另一方面，“左翼文学”在存在方式上虽有异于四十年代的“延安文艺”，却又内在于革命的历史脉络和理论逻辑中。因此，将左翼文学理论作为一个整体理论框架来把握，为探讨其理论形态的自我生成及其整体性实践的有效性提供了可能性和必要性。 冯雪峰作为党内重要的文艺理论家，其理论思想、文化实践以及个人的人际资源都与中国左翼文艺运动相关联，考察冯雪峰的理论文本及其文化活动，则会勾连出左翼文学理论在生成过程中一系列复杂而隐晦的历史细节，从而呈现理论与现实间更开放的历史图景和互文关系。《革命与智识阶级》是冯雪峰发表的第一篇理论文章，是直接对当时的“革命文学”论争作出的现实回应，也包含了经历了大革命失败的知识分子对现实的重新思考与选择；此文也从旁传递出翻译实践之于冯雪峰以及当时的左翼知识者的特殊意义。在整个三十年代冯雪峰既以文艺理论家兼党的文化领域负责人的身份投身革命，同时又参与并组织着左翼文化运动，并长期担任“左联”的领导职务，是党与鲁迅之间的联络人，参与和处理了几次重大的理论论争。四十年代，随着历史格局的变化，文学理论逐渐被纳入体制化规约。冯雪峰作为体制内的理论家，在新的政治语境下，既承受意识形态话语的压力又主动投身于这种话语结构，试图在复杂而矛盾的状况下维持平衡，其理论文本内外连结着历史的变更，又渗透着左翼文艺理论新一轮的调整、重组和转化。作为左翼理论家，冯雪峰的理论实践及其多重身份所牵动的历史图景将成为考察左翼文学理论自我建构过程的重要线索，并进而呈现出文学理论与现实政治之间相互介入的复杂关系。

The incorporating of the Left-wing Literary Theory in the framework of the history of literature is always accompanied by the radical historical change and political campaign in the Chinese society. Accordingly, the Left-Wing Literary Theory has been reflecting the correspondent political awareness and practical anxiety. Generally speaking, “the left-wing literature” is marked by the foundation of the left-wing writers’ union in 1930s. It advocates the revolutionary ideas and the proletariat trend of thought in literature and art, therefore is a part of the Chinese left-wing culture movement. Since the left-wing is under the direct leadership of the Communist Party, it always corresponds to the practical politics and the international proletariat movement. It hence bears strong revolutionary standpoint and political awareness. Therefore, the left-wing literary theory has close relationship with the proletariat literary theory and Marxism Theory from the beginning. It is a culture type and theoretical and practical approach in coordination with the revolutionary and historic progress. On the other hand, although “the left-wing literature” differs from the “liberated area literature” as represented by the “yan’an literature and art” in 1940s and the later “socialist literature”, it does fit in the revolutionary historic sequence of thought and the theoretical logic. Therefore, regarding the left-wing literary theory as an integral theory framework provide the possibility and necessity of discussing the self-construction and the effectiveness of its integral practice of the theory. Feng Xuefeng, as an important literary theorist in the Party, his theoretical thoughts, culture practice and personal resources closely related to the Chinese left-wing movement of literary and art. An investigation of Feng Xuefeng’s theoretical discourse and his culture activities discloses a series of complicated and obscure historic details during the formation of the left-wing literary theory, therefore, reveals a broader historical vision and inter-textual relationship between theory and reality. Revolution and Intelligentsia is Feng Xuefeng’s first theoretical publication. It is the direct practical response towards the debate of the “revolutionary literature” and it also contains the contemplation and choice of the intellectuals who had gone through the failure of the Big Revulsion. This article also indicates the special significance of Feng Xuefeng and other left-wing intellectuals’ translation practice at the time. In the 1930s, Feng Xuefeng was devoted to the revolution as a literature and art theorist and took charge of the Party’s culture activities. He participated and organized the left-wing culture movement and acted as a leader of the “left-wing writers’ union”. He was also the contact person between the Party and Lu Xun, participated and managed the several important debates. In 1940s, with the changing of the historical situation, the literature and art theory has gradually integrated into a systematic theory pattern. Feng Xuefeng, as a theorist within the system of organization, is not only exposed to the pressure from the supervised ideology but also actively engaged in this discourse structure. struggling to keep a balance under this complicated and conflict situation. His article internally and externally connects the historical change and penetrated with the new round of reconstruction, rearrangement and transformation of the left-wing literary theory. As a left-wing theorist, Feng Xuefeng’s theoretical practice and his multiple identities in the historical background is an important clue to investigate the self-construction of the left-wing literary theory, therefore reveal the complicated relationship of the interaction between the literary theory and the practical politics.