隋代经过一系列对地方行政制度的改革，建立起了府州六曹和县六司对应中央六部的地方行政体制。唐代建立后，沿袭了隋代地方行政体制并加以完善，将地方州县行政人员划分为流内官、杂任、杂职三类，体现出整齐划一的制度设计理念和上下对应的体制建构模式。但由于县级政务内容的基层性，县级政务在实际运行机制上体现出不同于中央政务运行机制的特点。县级政务因为在处理方式上不能仅仅通过文书的判署来完成，所以在政务运行机制上更加强调作为长官的县令的作用，而在问责机制上则是采用不同于中央四等官问责制的长官负责制。这就使县级政权在实际的政务运行机制与制度设计上完全对应中央六部的行政体制之间存在抵牾和矛盾，因此决定了县级政务运行机制的发展必然要突破整齐划一的行政体制，按照基层政务处理的实际需要实现制度自身的变革和转型。中唐以来，随着社会形势的变化和军事、财政制度的变革，县级政务运行机制向着更加切合基层管理需要的方向发展。一方面，随着军镇势力的强大，使得军事力量介入地方行政，分割了县级政权的行政权力，但是却也推动了县级行政区划和行政职权的整合和重组，实现了地方治安管理方式的完善和优化。另一方面，使职行政体制的发展促进了县级政务运行机制中专知官的出现和定型，打破了唐代前期政务处理模式上的程序分工和问责制度上的四等官问责制，最终实现了由唐代前期的程序分工模式变为宋初的职能分工模式的转化，从而使县级政务运行机制更适宜于基层统治的需要和对地方社会的管理。再者，随着两税三分体制下县级财政独立性的加强和地方政务一部分裁决权的下移，唐代前期州县对应、程式一体的地方行政格局也发生了变化，地方治权逐层分化，使地方以州县为主的各个行政层级的中心政务获得了凸显。随着这一趋势的发展，宋代县级中心政务逐渐集中在了赋税、词讼、刑狱三大方面，并以县司主要官员专知。县级官府更加侧重于中心政务的管理，而对于一些非中心政务则逐渐依靠社会力量处理，形成了官督商办、官领民办等治理模式，优化了县级政权的基层管理模式。最终突破了隋代以来仅仅在体制上与六部划一的制度设计模式，真正完成了将地方政务纳入中央六部管理的进程。而中心政务凸显之后地方政府对基层社会的管理方式，也促进了宋代以来社会力量的成长和政府与民间的互动，形成了地方政府与社会力量相互配合又互相制约的基层统治模式。

After a series of reform, a new local administrative system was established in early Sui Dynasty. The local government affairs were divided in six parts, managed by six departments that corresponded to the six ministries of the Department of State （shang-shu-liu-bu尚书六部）in the center government. The local administrative systems of Sui Dynasty were inherited by the Tang Government, and the accountability system of the local government officials was improved. Based on the definition of Tang Statutes（唐令）, local administrative staff in early Tang were divided into three classes, named zaren（杂任） and zazhi（杂职）besides the officials. However, because of the difference between center government affairs and local government affairs, the operational mechanism of Tang county government embodied different characteristics with the center government. The county government affairs could not be conducted only through the official documents, and the accountability system of the county officials was different with the central government officials, the Chief executive of the county government（Xianling县令）was the first person in the charge of the county government affairs. The county administrative system which corresponded to the central government and its special operational mechanism were inconsistent, and therefore the operational mechanism of county government affairs would necessarily overcome the design model.In the mid-period of Tang Dynasty, with the transformation of military system and financial system, the operational mechanism of county government affairs was changing to suit the need of the management on local society. Military officials intervened in the local administrative affairs and separated the power of county government, but it also promoted the division and recombination of county government’s administrative power. On the other hand, the development of shi zhi（使职）administrative system promoted the transformation of the division pattern of the local government affairs and the accountability system. Finally the operational mechanism of county government affairs evolved from division of process to division of function, and the new division pattern was suitable for the management of local government. Moreover, with the county finance’s partial independence and the power devolving from the superior government to the lower government, the county government in the late Tang Dynasty got more administrative power, and the main body of the county government affairs were concentrated and revealed. Following the division of the local administrative power, the government affairs of county in early Northern Song Dynasty gradually focused on taxation, litigation and public order, and these three kinds of government affairs were taken charge by specialized county-level officials. So the county government could concentrate on its main government affairs. For the secondary affairs, the county government came to rely on non-governmental forces and formed the pattern in which non-government forces run its affairs under government’s supervision. The change of local affairs management style made the local government could control the society more effectively, and it also promoted the growing of non-government forces. Through a series of transformation, the local government affairs had finally been included in the central government system.