范文澜是用唯物史观研究中国近代史的开拓者。1945年出版的范文澜《中国近代史》（上册）是中国马克思主义史学发展史上一部重要著作，也是范文澜的代表作之一，它奠定了1949年之后中国近代史研究的基本格局。 以往对该书的研究或是从史学史的角度研究本书的内容，或是从史学理论的角度研究该书的开拓意义，而对于该书初创时的时空背景、理论来源以及作者对现实和政治的关注缺乏细致的考察。本文拟采用文本研读、语境分析和对比研究的方法，在充分吸收已有研究成果的基础之上，针对现有研究的不足，对范文澜《中国近代史》（上册）的成书背景、理论来源、内容特点等作全方位的研究，并且通过与蒋廷黻《中国近代史》的对比，探究该书背后的政治涵义。 本文首先对《中国近代史》（上册）进行整体概述，分析了该书出版的三大背景：民族危机的加深导致近代史学科的兴起；抗日战争进入相持阶段之后，国共之间斗争不断；延安整风期间，中共中央要求进行近代史的创作。通过对该书背景的梳理，我们可以看出该书并不是单纯的一部学术著作。 《中国近代史》（上册）的著成跟范文澜特殊的马克思主义史学家背景是分不开的。范文澜有着深厚的国学基础，对满清封建统治者充满憎恨，这些在《中国近代史》（上册）中也都有所体现。作为中共最高领袖的毛泽东跟范文澜有着深厚的友谊。该书的创作运用了毛泽东关于马克思主义中国化的思想，这也是该书能成为中国近代史著作经典的一个非常重要的因素。 该书的理论来源有唯物史观、民族主义和毛泽东的马克思主义中国化理论，这也是该书区别于其他马克思主义唯物史观近代史著作的地方。 该书对蒋廷黻的《中国近代史》有着从历史主题到具体内容的全面批判，通过对比蒋廷黻的《中国近代史》我们可以更好的理解该书。

Fan Wenlan is the pioneer of studying the modern history of the China with historical materialism. Modern history of China (first volume) written by Fan Wenlan and published in 1945 is an important work in the history of Marxist Historiography in China, establishing basic framework for the Chinese modern history research after 1949. The traditional researches mostly probe the content of this book from the historiographic history, or study the ground-breaking of the book from the perspective of historiographic theory, lacking a subtle review of the historical environment at that period, the theoretical origins of the book, and the author’s attention for the reality and politics. Planning to adopt the methods of studying the texts, contextual analysis and contrastive research, based on fully absorbing the result of the previous research, aiming at the shortages of above research, the thesis discusses the background under which the author wrote, theoretical origins of the book and the features of the content and so on. In addition, the thesis probes into political sense hidden behind the book by compare with Modern history of China written by Chiang Tingfu. The thesis summarizes the whole content of Modern history of China (first volume) firstly, and then, analyzes the background of the book: the heightened national crisis leading to research the modern history of china, the more struggle between the KMT and the CCP after the strategic stalemate of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Party Central Committee asking for creation of modern history of China in the Yanan rectification. By means of arrangement of background of this book, it can be seen that this book isn’t an academic masterpiece simply. The publish of the book is bound up with that Fan Wenlan is a specific Marxist historian. Fan Wenlan is good at Sinology and regards feudal rulers of Manchu empire as an enemy, those all embody in this book. Mao Zedong, the leader of Chinese Communist Party, has a deep friendship with Fan Wenlan. The creation of this book applies Mao Zedong Thought about Marxism Chinese-Characterization, which is the extremely significant factor that why this book turned into the classics of the work of modern history of China. The theoretic source of this book comes from historical materialism, nationalism, and Chinese Marxism of Mao Zedong, that’s the difference between this book and other works of modern history of Marxism Historical Materialism. From the historical themes to the details, Fan Wenlan’s Modern history of China (first volume) criticizes Chiang Tingfu’s Modern history of China roundly. By comparing with Chiang Tingfu’s Modern history of China, we can comprehend this book better.