蓄冷空调技术是为了缓解电网峰谷用电量差过大，鼓励尽量多用低谷电应运而生发展起来的一项空调技术，目前还作为提高空调制冷系统整体能效和减少整体投资以及建筑造价、改善室内空气品质、提高室内环境热舒适度的一种有效手段。其基本原理是在夜间用电低谷时段，把电能以冰或低温冷水的形式储存起来，而在白天用电高峰时段将储存的冷量释放出来，通过这种“夜制昼用”的运作方式，提高了能源的利用效率，优化了资源配置，是实现电网“削峰填谷”的重要措施，也是现代空调发展的一个重要方向。近十年来，蓄冷空调技术在我国得到了迅猛的发展和广泛的应用，为取得更良好的经济效益和社会效益，对项目进行应用技术经济分析与论证具有十分重要的理论价值与现实意义。通常蓄冷空调项目的初投资都高于常规空调系统，投资人确定是否采用蓄冷空调的关键因素是考虑项目的经济性，主要是其所需增加的投资能否在较短的年限内收回。影响蓄冷空调项目经济性的因素比较复杂，现有的分析与优化研究还不够深入，本文通过对多个既有蓄冷空调项目的工程数据、资料的收集与整理，力求对影响蓄冷空调项目经济性的主要因素进行全面分析，希望能够对日后蓄冷空调项目的前期策划、可研与设计提供一定参考。本文首先介绍了蓄冷空调系统经济性评价的几种方法，并分别采用静态和动态全寿命周期经济分析法对同一工程项目的部分负荷分量蓄冷模式和全量蓄冷模式的经济性进行了综合详细的计算与对比，说明现阶段政策环境情况下，我国还是发展部分负荷分量蓄冷形式的蓄冷工程项目比较合适。其次，本文在大量丰富工程数据的基础之上，建立了一个以最能反映蓄冷空调项目经济性的指标——投资增量回收期n为目标的数学模型，利用静态经济分析法，详细计算和分析出蓄冷空调项目经济性的主要影响因素，总结了空调冷负荷状况、蓄冷系统设备价格、蓄冷率和电价政策对蓄冷空调系统经济性的影响，并揭示出最佳蓄冷率的存在，在该蓄冷率下项目的初投资、回收期、节能减排和价格弹性最优。
Cooling-storage air-conditioning (CSAC), an industrial technology that balances peak load and off-peak load of transmission system of electric power and makes better use of off-peak load electric power, is now used to improve energy efficiency of air-conditioning chilling system, reduce total investment and construction cost and improve indoor air quality and thermal comfort. Its basic principle is to store electric power in the form of ice or low-temperature water in low power consumption time at nighttime and release the power in high power consumption time at daytime. CSAC will improve the energy coefficient of utilization and optimize energy resource disposition, which is an important measure to realize the peak load shift and is a main orientation for modern air-conditioning development. Being rapidly developed and widely used in the past 10 years in China, so it is of realistic significance to make the technical analysis about CSAC projects for highly economically and socially beneficial.But the investment cost of the CSAC project is higher than that of normal air-conditioning system, the key point of whether investers use the CSAC is its economic, the main point reason depends on whether the increased investment can be called back in a short time. The factors which affect the CSAC economic are very complex, this thesis with the analysis of some existing CSAC projects is to attempt to research the comprehensive economic analysis of CSAC projects, and hope it can make a contribution to the design and application of CSAC projects.First in this thesis, several models are introduced on the economic analysis of the CSAC, use both of the static and the total life cycle economy analysis model to the same CSAC projects, which is different in the storage rate, part storage or full storage. At present the CSAC projects with part storage are our best choice.Later in this thesis, a mathematical model is establishesed based a lot of CSAC projects. This mathematical model aims at the payback period of the increased investment. With the mathematical model get some factors which affect the CSAC economic, and using the static analysis model to analysis the cold load distribution of air-conditioning, the equipment prices of CSAC, storage rate and the electric power policy. Furthermore the author gain the best storage rate and find out the capital investment of project, the payback period, the energy conservation and emission reduction and the price elasticity are all optimal at this rate.
