微小化的传感与干预设备(mSAID)是便携式医疗监护系统中最关键的功能实现部分，也是世界上医疗电子相关领域的研究重点。而能量效率和功耗指标则是其中最重要的关键技术问题。本论文根据便携式医疗监护应用的具体特点，从技术角度对mSAID的功能实现做了细致研究分析，针对其核心问题提出了一种低功耗、高能效的系统结构和硬件实现方案，并在通信方案、流程控制、系统设计、模块电路等多个设计层次进行了协同优化，解决了制约高能效的空闲侦听等多个关键问题、有效地改善了能量效率。本论文研究中采取的协同优化技术主要体现在：在通信方案中引入唤醒链路、在流程控制中支持全休眠模式下的实时唤醒、在系统结构设计中采用了优化的数字系统、在模块电路上采用了能量恢复技术和异步电路、电压调节等低功耗技术，并在芯片设计中得到了验证。本论文研究的重点还包括片上系统集成(SoC)。通过总结包括高能效、低功耗、实时性、高集成度和灵活性在内的多种关键技术，设计实现了可用于搭建mSAID的核心芯片。在设计中对各IP核对应的电路设计做速度功耗上的优化，主要在于将数字系统优化融合到SoC的具体实现中。在数字系统中采用了包括存储器加速、通信控制加速等模块，以及进行指令集优化和门控时钟处理等措施，既可以保证系统控制功能的灵活性、可扩展性，同时也保证了数据处理和传输的执行速度、低功耗和高能效等指标需求。这些研究工作对于便携式医疗应用系统中mSAID的片上系统平台设计的微型化和实用化具有非常重要的意义。论文工作设计实现了两种用于mSAID的专用SoC，两种SoC具有不同的集成度，可根据具体应用环境选用。经过测试，两种芯片的各项性能指标均已达到设计目标。本论文工作在所实现的SoC基础上，进而搭建了基本的便携式控制台(PCS)，从而构成了便携式医疗监护应用的验证系统，完成了功能测试和通信验证。
As the key part of portable medical monitoring systems, the miniature- sensing and intervention device (mSAID) is one of the most popular topics in today’s medical electronics research area. A thorough study on the typical portable medical monitoring systems shows that the energy efficiency and the total power consumption are two key techniques in mSAID’s. In this dissertation, with the power efficiency optimization and total power reduction as the targets, novel system architecture as well as the hardware implementation scheme has been proposed for low-power and high-efficiency mSAID’s. With the proposed coordinated optimization on those key issues such as the idle-listening, significant performance improvement has been achieved in terms of communication scheme, flow control, system design and functional block circuit implementation. To carry out the proposed coordinated optimization, a secondary wake-up RF link is incorporated into the communication protocol, the function of work-on-demand (real-time wake-up) from deep sleep is realized in the flow control, the system architecture for digital processing is optimized accordingly, and the low power circuit techniques such as wireless energy recovery, asynchronous digital circuit and adaptive voltage regulation are widely adopted.The major contributions of this dissertation work also include the system-on-chip (SoC) integration of the core functions of mSAID, with the features of high power efficiency, low power consumption, real time operation, high integration level and excellent function-extension flexibility. Compromise has been made between the operation speed and power consumption when implementing the digital system in the SoC design flow. Advanced digital design techniques including hardware acceleration such as memory access acceleration and communication control acceleration, dedicated instruction set optimization and clock gating are utilized to improve the system operation flexibility and function extendibility, while maintaining adequate digital processing speed, adequate data transmission rate under the power consumption constraints.Two versions of SoC for mSAID have been designed and fabricated in this dissertation work, with difference on the integration level. Both of the two designs have been validated experimentally, and it has been confirmed the proposed system architecture has been fully realized and the targeted circuit performance has been achieved successfully. A prototype portable medical monitoring system has been implemented based on the designed mSAID SoC, with additional work of implementing a portable control station (PCS), and the proposed system architecture including the wireless data communication and all the other system functions has been verified in the environment resembling the real applications.
