明代筑城活动是明代制度重建下的一环，在明代地方制度的研究中，北直隶城市平面形态与建筑规制是以往的建筑史研究中相对而言被忽略的一环。本文主要从平面形态与建筑规制两方面，对北直隶府州县的营建制度进行研究。本文首先探讨北直隶城市平面形态。在梳理明代城市与行政区域划分的基础上，概述了北直隶府州县的基本情况。然后结合官方文献和地方志，着重对洪武朝（1368～1398年）和嘉靖朝（1522～1566年）的史实作考证与梳理，分为城池构筑之缘起、营建修葺之阶段、城市形状与规模、空间结构与布局四个方面。研究表明，至少明代前中期由于政治和社会现实导致北直隶很多城市长期处于城垣颓圮，甚至没有城墙的状态；嘉靖朝修葺城池次数最多，正德朝（1506～1521）甃砌砖城居首；北直隶城池之规模，基本以府、州、县递减，但城市行政等级并不完全决定城池规模等级。然后，本文研究4类明代重要官方建筑之规制，分别是衙署建筑、庙学建筑、坛壝建筑、城隍庙建筑，它们对城市平面形态影响较大；主要按照府城、州城、县城的等级，分析朝廷颁布之制度、分布规律、平面格局以及基址规模等问题，探究这些官方建筑与城市平面形态之间的互相影响。研究揭示，随着子城制度在明代的消失，跟唐宋元相比，明代北直隶城市空间结构中呈现衙署选址的灵活性；洪武朝就确立官府公廨、社稷坛、山川坛、厉坛、城隍庙和文庙之建筑规制，嘉靖朝进行局部改制，它们是惟一的明代各府州县城必有的坛庙。衙署、庙学、城隍庙建筑规制等级依府、州、县变小；城隍庙与其所在城市的治所衙署建筑等级与规制一致；各府州县坛壝为同一等级与规制。这些行政、祭祀和学校等空间是明代职官体系、祭祀礼制、科举制度和营建规制，在各府州县因地制宜地执行和应对之后的产物，隐含一个明代城市平面形态原型，并被清代所传承，构成明清中国区别于其他国家（民族）城市空间的特征之一。最后，本文探究北直隶府州县城池与建筑的经费来源，得出虽然各地的建筑与城市情形纷繁，但大体都遵循大的朝代背景下的营建制度框架。

There is a national wide constructive movement of city-wall during the Ming dynasty. The movement was one part of the system which was rebuilt in Ming dynasty. Beizhili’s city plan shape and architectural ordonnance are less researched than the others. The dissertation focuses on city plan shape and architectural ordonnance of Beizhili’s prefecture, department and county.At first, the dissertation discusses Beizhili’s city plan shape. Combing the city and administrative division of Ming Dynasty, the author summarized the basic situation of the Beizhili’s prefecture, department and county. Then according to the official literature and local history, it focused on the historical facts in Hongwu Reign (1368 ~ 1398) and Jiajing Reign (1522 ~ 1566) which were divided into four aspects as the origins of city-wall and moat, stages of reconstruction, city shape and size, spatial structure and distribution. Studies have shown that at least before the mid-Ming Dynasty, the political and social realities led to the Beizhili’s many cities had been in a long period of decadent city city-wall and moats, even no city-wall. It was Jiajing Reign when the city-wall was rebuilt in the most high frequency, otherwise the summit to rebuild the city-wall or town-wall with bricks or stones in quantity was Zhengde Reign(1506～1521). Although the scale of city city-wall and moat were diminishing as the calss as prefecture, department and county, not totally decided by city’s administrative levels.Then the dissertation attempted to explore four official architectural ordonnance as following: the administrative office building, Confucian temple building, alter and alter with low enclosure, as well as the city temple those formed a greater impact on urban plan shape. Based on the hierarchy of administrative level, it analyzed the official rules and idea, distribution and location, plan pattern and feature, size scale and its relationship. Studies have shown that as well as the system of Zicheng (子城Inner City) began to disassemble, the location of Beizhili’s office building in Ming Dynasty was more flexible than those in Tang, Song or Yuan Dynasty. Established in Hongwu Reign, the architectural rules of administrative office building(衙署), Confucian temple with school(庙学), Sheji alter(社稷坛), Shanchun alter(山川坛) and Li alter(厉坛) with their low enclosure(壝), City temple(城隍庙) were partly modified in Jiajing Reign. The above four architectural types are the unique inevitable architectural types in Chinese Ming Dynasty which scale become smaller and smaller in accordance with their administrative levels. City temple’s building ordonnance is the same as its city’s office building. The ordonnance of the alter and alter with low enclosure were the same whatever prefecture, department and county. These administrative, sacrifice and school space is the result of a corresponding system and a city plan prototype hidden back in Ming Dynasty (even effect the subsequently Qing Dynasty) which made it different to the other countries or foreign nations.Finally, the dissertation researched the source of civil engineering outlay of prefectures, department and county during the Ming Dynasty. The author concluded no matter how complex and even somewhat spontaneous this numerous Beizhili’s cities and architectures are, however, they generally followed the context of the institutional framework within a special Ming Dynasty.