电力网络是人类所制造的最复杂的工业网络之一。从网络结构与功能的角度系统深入地研究互联电力网络的复杂性，对于大规模电网的系统规划与安全稳定运行具有重要意义。小世界网络是复杂网络理论中的重要网络模型，而现实世界中的许多大型电力网络都具有小世界结构特征。本文从静止断面到生长演化的视角构建了小世界电网的生长演化模型，进一步基于网络结构决定网络功能的理念，在鲁棒性与脆弱性的辩证框架下研究了小世界电网的复杂特性。第一，基于复杂网络理论构建了小世界电网的生长演化模型。该模型能够考虑电网生长演化过程中发电厂和变电站建设诸多要素，包括选址、定容以及接入电网方式等，分析并揭示电网演化过程中其网络结构变化特征，探讨初始能源分布、负荷增长模式以及相关电网建设参数对于电网生长演化趋势的影响。第二，基于直流潮流模型分析了小世界电网的潮流特性及其网络同步能力。在给定系统网络节点及保持线路总数不变的情况下，通过改变系统的网络拓扑连接关系，分别以系统平均潮流水平及重载线路数目和网络的耗散耦合矩阵的特征值比值为指标，对小世界电网的潮流特性和同步能力进行了评估。第三，小世界电网的结构脆弱性评估。以网络传输效能、最大连通区域以及最大可供电负荷为指标，针对网络节点和边随机和蓄意两种攻击模式，对不同结构特征的电网进行脆弱性评估，同时对比分析小世界电网的结构脆弱性特征。研究表明电网在长期稳态运行时，电网的小世界网络结构特征使其具有更优的潮流运行特性和良好的网络同步特性，而对于负荷需求变化和不同的运行方式则具有很强的鲁棒性；此外，小世界电网在其关键节点或者重要联络线受到蓄意攻击时，其网络传输性能大幅度下降且更易发生连锁故障而造成大规模停电，表现出明显的结构脆弱性。从外征来看，地区经济发展和负荷增长是驱动电网生长的直接动力。从内涵观之，小世界电网良好的潮流特性及网络同步能力与其自身的结构脆弱性这一矛盾，正是推进其自身演化发展的内部作用力。这也正是小世界电网生长演化的深刻机理与辩证内涵。

Power grid is one of the most complex man-made industrial networks in the world. There is important significance to systematically study the complexity of interconnected power grid from the view of network structure and function for large power grids planning and operating in security and stability. Small-world network, which is one of the significant network models in Complex Network theory, has been observed in many huge power grids in the world. An evolutive model of small-world power grid is developed at the view from static section to growing. Further more; based on the basic idea that network structure decides network function, the complexity of small-world power grid is studied in terms of robustness and vulnerability.Firstly, Evolutive model of small-world power grid is established based on Complex Network theory, which considered power plant and substation construction in the process of power grid evolution, including where to build and ascertaining the capability of the power plant and substation, and how to link to system. Topological character’s change is studied during the power grid evolution. How those factors such as initial energy distribution and the mode of load increasing and relative parameter of power grid construction affecting power grid’s evolution is discussed.Secondly, taking the average power flow and the number of lines in heavy condition and eigenvalue ratio of network coupling matrix as the indicators respectively, the power flow of small-world power grid and its synchronization are analyzed based on DC power flow model, keeping the points and lines of the power grid unchanged and just changing topology of the network .Thirdly, structure vulnerability of small-world power grid is studied. Taking the network transmittability and maximum interconnected area and maximum loads which can be supplied as the indicators, different topological power grids’ vulnerability assessment is analyzed, subject nodes and edges to errors and attacks, and structure vulnerability of small-world power grid is comparatively analyzed. The results show that small-world power grid gains much more excellent power flow and network synchronization ability and robustness to the variety of power load demand and different operation modes of power grid. On the other hand, while the key nodes and significant lines of small-world power grid are attacked, its network transmittability sharply drops and easily causes cascading failures and blackouts, which shows its structure vulnerability obviously. As the view of outside, the development of area economy and power load increasing is the direct power of driving power grid growing. As the view of inside, the contradiction of small-world power grid’s excellent power flow and network synchronization ability and its structure vulnerability is right the inner power to drive power grid evolving.