本文简略回顾了过去百年间金圣叹《水浒传》评点研究的概况，指出其间存在着政治色彩过浓与依赖西方评价视点等问题，进而明确了本研究的基本立足点，即追溯小说评点发生的历史与现实语境，探索评点模式的民族特点；进而对金批《水浒传》版本中的相关问题给予历史、客观地阐释。通过对过去“阶级分野”观点的反思，指出了文学价值，而非政治价值，乃是金圣叹腰斩以及评点《水浒传》所倚重的核心评价标准，并突出了结构论思想对“腰斩”问题的影响。在梳理金批小说结构论思想之历史渊源的基础上，从评点的总体结构理念与具体结构方略两个方面，结合评点中的具体批语，对删改行为的结构论思想内涵给予了详细论述。一方面，金圣叹为实现其在序言中所说的评点意图，打破了通俗文学与经典文学之间的严格界限，启用“才”的标准作为判定文章优劣的统一依据，并概括出行文方面的核心评判标准——“精严”。另一方面，在“精严”的标准之下，又通过“部章句字”四法，以及“起承转合”四律的纵横交织，从微观的批评层面，回应了“精严”的结构要求，将“精严”的结构标准具体落实到批评实践上，构成了从宏观理念（“精严”）到具体实践（“部章句字”——“起承转合”）的交相呼应的完整批评框架。由上得出结论：金批《水浒传》的“腰斩”行为，乃是一种结构论支持下的文本策略，是依“合”法而“腰斩”，依结构之“腰”而“斩”，依承转之“首尾照应”而“腰斩”。值得注意的是，金批“腰斩”行为背后，不乏社会、文化、经济等多方面的影响。而从研究方法来看，对金圣叹小说评点之结构论特色的挖掘，不仅能够拓展既往的研究思路，对于反思当今文学创作的叙事形态，深化中西小说结构特点之比较，也具有一定的参考意义。
After a general review, a point the study on Jin Shengtan’s commenting on Water margin in the past 100 years was overly dependent on Western point of view was brought out. Thus, an original research intention was given out, that was to find out both historical and realistic context of Chinese novel comment, and to explore the Chinese novel comments' characteristics, then to explain some issues related to Jin Shengtan's edition of Water Margin.After reflecting on the past "class-conscious" pattern, the literary value, rather than political value, was finally regarded as the core evaluation criterion that Jin Shengtan chose to rely. Then the relationship between the "abridging" issue and Jin Shengtan's whole novel theory was made clear, and Jin’s theory of structure was given a highlight on.On the basis of historical review, Jin Shengtan’s theory of structure was traced back to three origins. Then by close-reading on his commenting terms, Jin Shengtan's core evaluation criterion for commenting and the implementation format of structure strategy was analyzed in detail. On one side, for the sake of warning bad writers, Jin Shengtan broke the strict boundaries between the popular literature and the classical literature, and used the ‘delicacy’ standard (Jing Yan) as his own judgment basis. Under this concept, Jin set up an integrated frame for his novel commenting, by combining ‘Structure-texture-sentence-character (Bu-zhang-ju-zi)’ and ‘Starting-continuing-transition-ending (Qi-cheng-zhuan-he)’ together, as a implementation of the ‘delicacy’ standard (Jing Yan).Therefore, it comes to a conclusion that abridging Water margin was an textural strategy according to the theory of structure, performing in several areas, like Starting-continuing-transition-ending (Qi-cheng-zhuan-he), waist part, and starting-ending echoing.Actually, other aspects, like society, culture and economy, should also be concerned when talking about the "abridging" issue. To study the structure theory of Jin Shengtan’s novel comments, was benefit not only for developing research ideas, but also for reflecting on the narrative form of modern literature and making comparison between Chinese and western novels’ structure.
