“文化革命”思想连接了作为革命家和作为“文学家”的瞿秋白，是其“士”之文化情怀与现代知识分子批判精神和马克思主义革命品格相嫁接的产物，是当时思想界对文化革命问题最为深入的探索。“文化革命”是瞿秋白思想深处张力结构的平衡点。但这是艰难而短暂的平衡，瞿秋白强烈的主体意识和理性精神很快就打破了他自己努力保持的平衡。作为革命者的启蒙者，这是瞿秋白最大的思想特质。瞿秋白的“文化革命”有着过度政治化的偏颇，但在这一基于文化斗争现实需要和知识分子自我救赎冲动而做出的主动选择背后，有着无法遮掩的追求“自由”的文化锋芒。本文共分六章。第一章“导论”，提出论题并完成学术史回顾。第二章“‘文化革命’考辨”，旨在打捞、厘定瞿秋白的“文化革命”概念。第三章“‘文字革命’”，旨在论述作为瞿秋白“文化革命”根本前提的“文字革命”问题，在“苏联经验”与“中国问题”生动互动的时代语境下，考察瞿秋白在汉字批判、学阀批判和自我批判以及普通话建设等题域中所展现的民族、国家、革命想象。第四章“口语的政治——论瞿秋白的‘文艺大众化’思想”，从瞿秋白“文艺大众化”思想最重要的特征——“口语”入手，解读其“文化革命”思想中所蕴藏的革命与启蒙的张力结构。第五章“‘现实’的诞生——论瞿秋白对马克思主义文学理论的译介：以《‘现实’》为中心”，考察作为瞿秋白“文化革命”思想之理论武器的马克思主义文学理论建设。笔者以《“现实”》一书为案例，通过瞿秋白译文和俄文原文的文本对勘，并参考其他文献，确证了瞿秋白在马克思主义文学理论中国化过程中的主动性和贡献。第六章“结论”，对瞿秋白“文化革命”思想做出简要评价。“文化革命”思想不仅体现了瞿秋白的丰富性与独特性，也是中国现代思想史和知识分子心态史上的生动案例，给我们提供了一个思考现代中国的国家、革命、文化、知识分子等诸多重大问题的崭新视角。

“Cultural Revolution” thought is a connection Qu Qiubai as revolutionary leader and as writer, is an achievement which mixed the cultural feelings of gentry and the critical spirit of modern intellectuals and the character of Marxism revolution, and is an important and deep exploration of the cultural revolution in ideological circle at that time. “Cultural Revolution” is the balance-keystone in the tension structure of Qu Qiubai’s thought. But the balanced situation is rough and tentative, which be interrupted very soon by Qu Qiubai’s strong identified consciousness and reasonable spirit. The enlightener as revolutionary leader is the important character of Qu Qiubai.There is the excessive political tendency in Qu Qiubai’s “Cultural Revolution”. But, it is necessary for the reality of cultural battle. Therefore, it is the intellectuals’ initiative in order to achieve self-salvation. There is the flame of freedom not hidden in this cultural pursuit.The dissertation is divided into six parts. In Chapter 1: “Introduction”, I propose the issue and review the academic history. In Chapter 2: “A survey of Cultural Revolution”, I inspect and define the concept of Qu Qiubai’s “Cultural Revolution”. In Chapter 3: “Word Revolution”, I discuss “Word Revolution” which is the basement of Qu Qiubai’s “Cultural Revolution”, and investigate into Qu Qiubai’s imagination of nation, country and revolution in the problematic area of scholar-lord critique, self-critique and the construction of common spoken Chinese under the cultural conditions that Russian experience and Chinese problem interacted each other. In Chapter 4: “Spoken-Politics”, I analysis the tension structure between revolution and enlightenment in “Cultural Revolution” thought from the vision of oral language which is the important character of Qu Qiubai’s “literature popularity” thought. In Chapter 5: “Publication of Reality”, I explore Marxism theory construction as the theory resource of Qu Qiubai’s “Cultural Revolution” thought. Therefore, I make an example with “Reality”, and confirm Qu Qiubai’s initiative and contribution in the process of Chinese-Marxism literature theory by comparing the Qu Qiubai’s translation to Russian original text with the other references. In Chapter 6: “Conclusion”, I make brief comment on Qu Qiubai’s “Cultural Revolution” thought.“Cultural Revolution” not only embodies Qu Qiubai’s abundant and unique thought, but also is the living example in Chinese modern history of thought and intellectuals, which is the new perspective for us to think about many important problems on country, revolution, culture and intellectuals in modern China.