苏联对中国东北的政策及对中共的军事、物资等援助是东北根据地建立过程中十分重要的外力因素，因而也是中外学术界非常关注的问题。通过对该问题的分析和研究，有助于更好地揭示东北解放战争迅速胜利的实质性推动因素。随着中外相关档案文献的陆续解密和公布，学术界有关东北根据地建立过程中的苏联政策及其对中共援助情况的研究已经取得了一定的进展。但相对客观、准确地梳理该问题尚显不足：有关苏联三次调整对东北政策的来龙去脉，苏联给予东北根据地的援助情况，苏联对中共夺取东北战略方针演变的影响等问题的研究只是散见在有关论著、论文中，尚缺乏系统梳理和深刻分析。针对上述薄弱环节，论文中主要阐述三个方面的问题：第一，系统梳理东北根据地建立过程中苏联政策的变化过程。文中认为，1945年8月至1948年11月，苏联在东北奉行的是两面政策。但由于受美苏关系、苏蒋关系变化的影响，苏联在坚持两面政策不变的前提下，对国共双方的政策进行了三次明显地调整，即：经历了由亲蒋限共到助共疏蒋，再到助蒋限共，又到助共反蒋的变化过程。苏联政策的调整对东北根据地建立产生了影响。第二，系统梳理东北解放战争期间苏联给予东北根据地的军事、经济、外交援助以及派遣专家的情况，并对相关史实做了比较细致地考证，文中认为，苏联的援助是东北根据地得以建立和发展巩固的重要物质基础。第三，揭示苏联对中共夺取东北战略方针演变的影响。苏联政策的调整，使中共夺取东北的战略部署经历了三次变化，即：由“向北发展、向南防御”到“让开大路、占领两厢”，再到“夺取大城市和交通要道”，这对东北根据地的建立产生了重要影响。分析东北根据地建立过程中的苏联因素，可以看到，战后苏联围绕国家安全这个核心利益三次调整了对东北的政策，这些调整客观上有利于东北根据地的建立和巩固。苏联的支持和援助，对于东北人民解放军的发展壮大，对于东北根据地的建立和巩固，对于加速东北解放战争历史进程具有积极作用。

Soviet policies to the northeast and the military and material assistance to the Communist Party of China is the very important external factor during the establishment of the northeast base, which is also the topic the academic society at home and abroad pay close attention to Analysis and research of this problem will better reveal the material driving factor in the rapid success in the Chinese war of liberation in the northeast.With the uncovering and promulgating of the relevant documents in China and abroad, the academic society has made a certain progress in the research on the Soviet policies to northeast China and the military and material assistance to CCP. There is a certain lack of objective systematic accurate narration of this problem however, correctly. The research on such problems, including the cause and effect of three times’ adjustment of Soviet policies to the northeast, details of soviet assistance to the northeast and Soviet impact on the development of CCP strategic principles capturing the northeast, were only scattered in the relevant treatise. Aiming at such weak links, this article will be set forth from he following three aspects:Firstly, the changing process of Soviet policies during he establish ment of the northeast base has been combed in a systematic way in this article. Conclusion is reached that from August,1945 to November, 1948, the Soviet Union pursued a double-faced policy in the northeast. But due to the influence of changing soviet U.S soviet Jiang jie shi relationships the soviet, while insisting on constant double-faced policy, adjusted the policies to the Kuomintang and the CCP three times obviously, that was, from being close to Jiang and restricting CCP to assisting CCP and drifting apart from Jiang, and then to assisting CCP to fight against Jiang. Soviet adjustment of policies made certain impact mevt of establish upon the northeast base.Secondly, the circumstance of Soviet military, economic and diplomatic assistance and dispatching experts to the northeast base area has been combed in a systematic way. And a textual research of the historic facts is done. so the author suggested that, Soviet assistance is the important material base for the establishment decelopment as well as consolidation of the northeast base area.Thirdly, Soviet influence on the evolution of CCP strategic principles concerning capturing the northeast has been revealed in this article. Adjustment of Soviet policies made the strategic principle of CCP capturing the northeast go through three times’evolution, that was, from “developing towards the north, defending towards the south” to “stepping aside the highroad, capturing the areas along sides” then to “capturing major cities and vital communication lines”, which made an important influence on establishing the northeast base.Soviet three times’ adjustment of policy to the northeast, conducted according soviet national safety after the second world war, contributed objectioely to the establishment, development and consolidation of the northeast base area, Soviet support and assistance played a positive role in developing and strengthening the Northeast People’s Liberation Army, establishing and consolidating the northeast base area, aswell as speeding up the course of history of China’s war of liberation in the northeast.