随着世界经济全球化日益加速，发达国家企业出现了超大化发展趋势，大企业是体现一个国家竞争力的主要载体，面对国外跨国公司的激烈竞争，党的十五大和十六大都强调要实施大企业大集团战略。多元化经营是指企业同时在两个或者两个以上的行业进行生产或提供服务的经营方式或成长行为，是企业成长为大企业大集团的重要战略之一。本文在国内外学者已有研究基础上，以国家重点支持的玉溪红塔集团的多元化经营战略为研究对象，通过深入实际调查，对所收集的大量原始数据、资料进行挖掘、梳理，从定量分析到定性总结，其中还穿插着与国外烟草巨头多元化经营状况的比较分析，得出玉溪红塔集团多元化经营跨越18个行业的结论。揭示了转型经济条件下，计划管理体制和行业垄断对国有企业发展壮大的严重阻碍，并对国有垄断行业如何深化改革，走大企业大集团道路提出自己的思考。通过对玉溪红塔集团多元化经营战略必然性和陷入困境的成因进行深入剖析，本文认为计划管理体制和转型经济大背景，既是玉溪红塔集团多元化经营战略的催化剂，又是导致这一战略陷入困境的症结。只有从政府和企业两方面进行脱胎换骨的改革，国有垄断企业在发展壮大的过程中，才可能既避免玉溪红塔集团发展战略的困境，又避免由此造成的国有资产的大量损失。同时，消费者也能得到更多的实惠。这样，具有国际竞争力的大型企业集团也才能够真正脱颖而出。本文的研究丰富了已有多元化经营理论。西方多元化经营理论大多产生于较充分的市场竞争环境，并未涉及到转型经济背景下计划管理体制对企业多元化经营的影响问题。国内学者的相关研究，也未对此问题进行深入探讨。本文的研究表明，计划管理体制和中国转型经济背景，特别是前者，对国有垄断企业多元化经营战略的产生和成败，乃至这些企业发展壮大，都有着至关重要的影响。值得欣慰的是，这一问题已引起政府的重视，本文结稿时，国家烟草专卖局正着手推行打破政企合一计划管理体制的改革。关键词：多元化经营战略　　国有垄断企业　　玉溪红塔集团

With the increasingly rapid development of the world economic globalization, there appears a development trend of being super-large in developed countries. A big enterprise is a carrier that embodies a nation’s competitiveness. Facing the fierce competition of foreign transnational companies, it is emphasized at the Party’s 15th Congress and the 16th Congress that it is necessary to execute the strategy of big enterprises and big groups.The diversification refers to an operation mode or a growth behavior where an enterprise conducts production or provides services in two or more trades. It is one of the important strategies for an enterprise to grow into a big enterprise or group. In this thesis, based on the current results of domestic and foreign scholars, the strategy of the diversification of the Yuxi Hongta Group strongly supported by the state is taken as the study object. Through deep on-site investigations, the excavation and arrangement of large amount of original data and materials, from the quantitative analysis to the qualitative summary, and through the comparison with and the analysis on the situation of the diversification of foreign tobacco giants, a conclusion has been arrived at. The conclusion shows that the diversification of the Yuxi Hongta Group has its operation in 18 trades. In this thesis it is revealed that under the condition of the type-transfer economy, the planned administration system and the trade monopoly form a serious obstacle for the development and growth of state-owned enterprises. The thinking on how to deepen reforms in state-owned monopolist trades and to go along the road of big enterprises and big groups is put forward in the thesis.A deep analysis on the inevitability of the diversification strategy of Yuxi Hongta Group and on the reasons of its predicaments has been made. Based on this, it is assumed in the thesis that the planned-economy administration system and the great background of the type-transfer economy are both a catalyst for Hongta’s strategy of diversification, and also a crux leading to such a strategy falling into predicaments. Only through the essential reforms of both the government and the enterprise, the predicaments of the development strategy that Hongta encountered can be avoided in the process of the development and growth of state-owned monopolistic enterprises. And thus the large amount of losses of state-owned assets caused by such predicaments can also be avoided. At the same time, consumers can obtain more benefits from this. In such a way, the larger type of enterprise groups that have international competitiveness can really appear.Studies of this thesis enrich the theory of the diversification existing. Western theories on diversification mostly emerge in an environment with sufficient market competition and they do not deal with the problem of influences of the planned administration system on the diversification of enterprises in the background of the type-transfer economy. And in relevant studies of domestic scholars no profound discussions have been made on this problem. Studies in this thesis show that the planned administration system and the background of China’s type-transfer economy, especially the former, have extremely important influences on the generation, success and failure of the strategy of the diversification of state-owned monopolist enterprises, and also on the development and growth of these enterprises. It is happy to know that this problem has attracted the attention of the government. When the thesis was written, the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau was going to conduct a reform on breaking the planned administration system of the integration of the government and enterprises.Key words: the strategy of diversification state-owned monopoly enterprises Yuxi Hongta Group