严打作为我国1983年首次开始实施的一项重要刑事政策和活动,在新时期我国社会发展中产生着深刻的影响。论文从人民民主专政、犯罪学、刑事政策学和法学角度综合分析了严打的含义，认为严打是我国人民民主专政的政权在新时期对敌专政的一种表现形式，是我国法律适用要求的体现,是抗制犯罪的一种有效手段。在阐述严打20年来发展历程的基础上分析了严打的特点，并从社会历史、经济、政治、文化和治安方面分析了严打产生的社会背景。严打产生的直接原因是1980年以后我国犯罪的急剧增加，犯罪情节的日趋严重；经济犯罪突出，而刑事法律规范相对滞后对犯罪惩处不力；邓小平同志提出“两手抓”的思想和严打方针。 严打在新时期我国社会发展中所产生的作用一直以来就受到学术界和严打实务部门的争论，论文在肯定严打在决策、实施和评价标准上存在着问题和不足的同时，认为严打在新时期我国社会发展中的作用主要体现为：遏制了犯罪不断增长的势头，增加了群众的安全感，使社会治安明显好转；为经济发展提供有利的社会环境，保障了安定团结的政治局面，维护了社会稳定；增强了群众的法制观念，教育了青少年，推动了社会风气的好转。 对严打作用的认识在理论上有“肯定说”、“否定说”和“反思说”三种具有代表性的观点。论文在吸收“肯定说”、“否定说”和“反思说”三种观点的合理因素的基础上，认为虽然严打中存在的问题和不足影响了严打作用的发挥，但严打在新时期我国社会发展中的积极作用是应当肯定的，严打在我国的产生和实施具有理论依据和现实合理性。严打是目前我国社会治安形势日趋恶化的情况下抗制日益严重的犯罪状况，维护我国经济发展、政权稳定和社会稳定的有效措施。同时，基于严打中存在的问题和不足，在理论上过高估计和评价严打的作用也是不利于严打作用的发挥和自身完善的。鉴于本世纪犯罪的复杂性，我国国内社会治安状况在短期内无法实现根本好转，严打将会长期实行，并非权宜之计。严打是惩办与宽大相结合的基本刑事政策指导下的依法“从重”、“从快”，与法治、罪刑法定在本质上并无二致。
As an important criminal policy and activity, strike-hard operation, which was firstly launched in 1983, has profound effect in Chinese social development in the new period. The thesis analyses comprehensively the definition of strike-hard operation from various points of view including people’s democratic dictatorship, criminology, science of criminal policy and law. It is a representation of people’s democratic dictatorship to enemies in the new period. It has been thought as the embodiment of needs of Chinese judicature. Moreover, analyzing the characteristics of strike-hard operation based on the development of strike-hard operation through 20 years. Still analyzing the background of strike-hard operation from various aspects including social history, economy, politics, culture and public security. The concrete reasons that strike-hard operation was launched and implemented since 1980 is as following, the tremendous increase of crime in China, increasingly seriousness of criminal cases, the standing out of economic crime, relative lag of criminal law and regulations, ineffectiveness of punishment over crime, the policy of strike-hard operation and the ideology proposed by Mr. Deng Xiaoping.With the continuous controversies over the functions of strike-hard operation between theoretical and practical circles. The functions of strike-hard operation in Chinese social development in the new period, which was based on the affirmation of the existing problem and lack on decision making, implementaion and evaluation criterion in strike-hard operation, is focused on: keeping the continuously increasing tendency of crime within limits, ensuring the feelings of public security, making public security well obviously, offering favorable social environment for economic development, ensuring the stable and united political situation, maintaining the social stability, improving legal consciousness of the masses，teaching a lesson to the the youngsters. There have been gradually formed three kinds of representative doctrines of strike-hard operation on theory: “the positive doctrine”, “the negative doctrine”, and “the doctrine of thinking in verse”. Based on rational factors of strike-hard operation, although the problem and lack existing in the process of strike-hard operation has done harm to put the functions of strike-hard operation into practice, the positive functions of strike-hard operation in Chinese social development in the new period should be confirmed. There’s theoretical basis and practical rationality for strike-hard operation coming into our country. Strike-hard operation is an effective measure taken to fight against the situation of increasingly serious crime, to maintain the stability of the regime, development of economy, and social stability under the situation of increasingly exasperate social public security. As to the problems and lack existing in the process of strike-hard operation, over estimating and evaluating the functions of strike-hard operation is unbeneficial both to bring the functions of strike-hard operation into play and to self-consummation. As to the complication of crime in this century, strike-hard operation will be put into practice in the long run for the situation of public order inside China can’t be changed well fundamentally. There’s no substantial difference between strike-hard operation guided by legally punish hard and quickly and the basic criminal policy of combination of punishment and tolerance. There’s also no substantial difference among strike-hard, rule of law and a legally prescribed punishment for specific crime.
