水库在国民经济中占有重要地位。但泥沙淤积每年都会造成大量库容损失，特别是多沙河流水库，泥沙淤积问题需要充分重视。通过水库调度减少淤积、保持有效库容的研究具有重要意义。本文采用泥沙数学模型和实测资料分析相结合，对水库淤积和长远利用调控模式进行了研究，主要成果包括： 1 通过分析典型水库各时期泥沙淤积状况指出，早期水库淤积严重，蓄清排浑虽然使淤积有所缓解，但从长远看目前减淤力度仍然不够。同时，长江上某些大型水库仍具有进一步减淤的潜力。应该充分利用有利条件加大减淤。 2 通过实测资料全面分析了实际河道型水库整个淤积过程。采用数学模型对规划水库完整淤积过程进行了研究。利用数学模型讨论了水库调度与泥沙淤积的关系，并针对不同淤积阶段特点提出了通过调度控制淤积的方法。 3 在水库单一运行方式情况下通过数学模型计算，发现在一定条件下水库淤积会出现二级三角洲形态。通过大量分析，论证了二级三角洲产生的可能性、影响因素、危害性以及通过调度减轻二级三角洲的途径。二级三角洲虽然是数学模型意义上的淤积形态，但作为实际水库极端不利的淤积情况，具有重要的理论和实际价值。 4 通过分析大量已建、在建和规划水库的淤积情况，对以往水库淤积初步平衡的概念和标准进行了讨论和商榷。作者认为，水库淤积平衡应该更加注重有效库容内的淤积情况和库尾河床与水位抬升趋势，而不仅仅是总淤积量的变化情况。提出了大江大河上的水库设计淤积年限应该大大加长的建议。 5 分析了典型泥沙调控模式对水库长远利用的影响。研究表明，蓄清排浑是泥沙调度应该坚持的基本方向。分流量级调控模式是淤积控制的进步，但仍难以实现长远利用。双汛限模式通过调整淤积沿程分布达到减淤效果，是实现水库长远利用的可能途径。 6 结合金沙江中、下游流域特性和梯级水库开发特点，提出了金沙江梯级水库优化的调控模式－梯调模式。研究表明，梯调模式考虑了金沙江流域梯级水库开发的上、下游互补，最大限度满足了流域的长远防洪、发电和减淤，对于流域的长远利用和金沙江梯级开发和管理都具有重要参考价值。关键词：河道型水库；水库淤积；水库调度；长期利用

Reservoir plays an important role in the national economic development. Sedimentation problems should be taken of much consideration in reservoirs built on sediment-laden rivers. Study of sedimentation control and capacity enhancement through reservoir regulation is of great importance. This research is focused on the reservoir sedimentation and operation modes for long term use. Numerical calculation and field data analysis are the primary methods used in the study. The main results are as follows: 1. Based on the analysis of reservoir sedimentation in different periods the thesis argues that although in some reservoirs the operation mode of “storing the clear and releasing the muddy” has reduced sedimentation to a great extent, the reduction degrees are not sufficiently enough for long term use, while in the meantime some large reservoirs still have the probabilities and capability to decrease sedimentation. Effective measures should be taken to enhance the sedimentation reduction degree. 2. Taking typical reservoirs both in operation and under planning as examples the whole sedimentation processes have been thoroughly studied. Then with the help of mathematical model the relationship between the sedimentation and the operation mode have been discussed. Sedimentation control measures through regulation at different stages have been brought forth. 3. Generally the longitudinal sedimentation profile in reservoirs has always been a one-stage delta configuration. However, through numerical calculation the author found that under certain circumstances a two-stage delta profile could emerge from the tail of the reservoir. Based on a lot of analysis the thesis demonstrated the formation probabilities of the two-stage delta profile. Influence factors, adverse impacts of the two-stage delta and how to decrease its consequences through regulation have been discussed. Although the two-stage delta profile was only found by numerical calculation temporarily, it is also very important both in reservoir regulation theory and practice to avoid this extremely adverse impact. 4. By comparison of the accumulated sedimentation volume and effective sedimentation volume in various reservoirs in different periods, the criteria of traditional way to estimate whether the reservoir sedimentation has reached its equilibrium or not has questioned in the thesis. The author proposed that more attention should be put on the sedimentation in effective volume and the raising tendency both of the riverbed and the water level in the reservoir tail region instead of merely consideration of the accumulated sedimentation volume. This work also proposed that for the long term use of the reservoir, the sedimentation design life should be greatly prolonged in those especially built on the sediment-laden rivers. 5. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the reservoir regulation modes and the long term use, the research shows that the principle of “storing the clear and releasing the muddy” should still be maintained. Although the regulation mode of “adjust the dam level according to the inflow” is progress in reduction the reservoir sedimentation, it also can’t achieve long term use. The other operation mode of “double flood control level scheme” may be a practical and effective method. 6. By considering the specific characteristics of the catchments and reservoirs in the middle and lower reach of the Jinsha River, an optimized scheme called “cascade reservoir regulation” was brought forth. Study reveals that the optimized regulation mode is of great significance to accomplish better flood control, enhance the power benefit compensation to the lower cascade reservoirs, reduce sedimentation in large reservoirs in the lower reach, improve the storage reliability of Hutiaoxia Reservoir and achieve the long term use of the whole basin. Keywords: mountainous reservoir; reservoir sedimentation; reservoir regulation; long term use