摘要 本论文运用马克思主义基本原理，通过对我国社会主义初级阶段政治生活中的封建残余进行研究，旨在揭示出封建残余仍然根深蒂固存在及其危害的主客观原因，从理论上分析封建残余的实质，批判当代各种社会思潮对马克思主义与社会主义的攻击，加深我们对马克思主义、社会主义、资本主义与封建主义的认识，同时提出相应的切实可行的对策建议，在实践中逐步肃清封建残余及其影响。 本论文综合运用历史分析与现实分析、学理分析与实证分析、系统分析与比较分析相结合的方法，重新界定了封建残余的概念、来源、内容以及对它的原则与研究方法，找出了我们以前对于封建残余认识、研究与对策上的不足之处，提出和强调了关于当代中国封建残余研究中的容易模糊与忽视的几个问题。系统论述了封建残余在当代中国政治生活中的主要表现、基本特征、存在原因与重大危害，并且在此基础上，结合当今社会实际，提出了在21世纪继续全方位清除封建残余及其影响的深厚动力、基本途径、思想基础与必要条件。 本论文具有创造性的研究成果主要体现在：第一次较为全面与系统的从政治生活角度对当代中国的封建残余及其影响进行了总括性的梳理与总结，阐述了传统文化与封建文化的二重性以及二者的关系，论述了传统思维方式在封建残余影响中的作用，阐明了封建残余及其影响不平衡性的基本格局与总体态势，分析了社会病态问题与封建残余的区别。在对策上，加强党内制度性监督，改革党校教育模式，政协系统并入人大，实行人大代表专职化和公务员化，大量压缩省级行政区划，撤销乡镇政权机构，确立中央、省、县三级政权机构。禁止公务员在国民教育系列高校兼职。把司法机关的人才物统一由中央来管理，加强司法专业化，推动民众思维方式、观念向现代转化，加强对影视作品的引导、审查与大众传媒的管理。本论文认为，封建残余在当今的广泛存在是我国社会主义现代化建设中具有一定普遍性的历史惰性力。在新的世纪继续对之进行批判与清理，是我们进行政治体制改革，建立社会主义政治文明、精神文明和促进社会全面和谐发展的一个重要课题与历史任务。关键词：马克思主义，社会主义，政治生活，封建残余

Abstract This dissertation uses the basic principles of Marxist to disclose the subjective and objective causes why the feudalism survives and is harmful to through study on the feudal survivals lying in political lives during the primary stage of socialism in China. It analyses the essence of the feudal survivals theoretically, criticizes the attack to Marxism and socialism from all the social thoughts contemporarily, and deepens our realization to Marxism, socialism, capitalism and feudalism. At the same time the manipulable countermeasures and suggestions are brought forward in order to promote the process of getting rid of the feudal survivals and their influences step by step practically. This dissertation adopts the comprehensive analyses method of historical and realistic, academic and demonstrative, systemic and comparative, it redifines the concepts, origins, contents of feudal survivals and how to deal with it. It finds the shortcomings of previous studies and countermeasures. It supplies and emphasizes the issues that it’s easy to confuse and ignore in the process of study on the feudal survivals. It expounds the main manifestation, characteristics, causes and huge harm of the feudal survivals in contemporary China. On this basic, it supplies essential motives, basic approaches, ideological base, and necessary terms of the overall elimination of them in the 21st century. The creative achievements of the dissertation lies in that it generalizes and sums up the feudal survivals and their influences on the contemporary China from the political lives at the first time. It expounds the duality and relationship between the traditional culture and feudal one. It discusses the function of the traditional mode of thinking on the feudal survivals, expounds the feudal survivals’ imbalance pattern and posture of their influences. It analyses the differences between the social morbid problems and the feudal survivals. In order to get rid of them, the inner-party’s institutional supervision should be strengthened, the education mode of the Party schools should be reformed and the system of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference merged into the system of People’s Congress, the professional and official deputy should be adopted, many provincial units should be cut down and all the township administrative organs should be removed in order to establish the three administrative organs of the nation, province, county. The orderly is forbidden to take a part-time job in colleges and universities strictly. The personnel, finance, facility of the judiciary is controlled by the central government and enhance the judicial offices professional, the mode of thinking of the mass is promoted to the modern and the plays of the movies and TVs is led, censored and supervised.It’s thought the broad existence of the feudal survivals plays a widespread negative historical inertia on our socialist modernization building. In the new century the continuation of criticizing on and clearing up them is the important and historical task of the establishment of the political system reform and socialist political and spiritual civilization and the promotion of the social coordinated development.Key words: Marxism, socialism, political life, feudal survivals