当前，以反垄断为核心的竞争法已经成为市场经济的基本法律。但反垄断法本身并无法创造一个自由竞争、公平交易的环境，必须通过具体的执行，方得以建立公平竞争的市场体制。因此反垄断法执行机关的立法就成为反垄断法制不可或缺的重要内容。中国应该建立一个什么样的反垄断法执行机关，10多年来，一直是阻碍《反垄断法》顺利出台的主要原因。这也是本文研究反垄断法执行机关的根本出发点。围绕如何构建中国反垄断法执行机关这一命题，笔者以反垄断法历史发展为线索，立足于不同国家或地区反垄断法执行机关建制的基本模式及其理由、基本体制及其发展、基本执法程序及其特征、法律执行和经济政策矛盾协调及其对组织架构的影响，对美国、德国、日本、我国台湾地区以及波兰等的反垄断法执行机关做了深入的对比研究。在上述研究结论的基础上，进一步运用综合分析的方法，并借鉴法律经济学的思维，提出了关于反垄断法执行机关建制的一般理论分析框架：以经济政策和经济宪法对称概念，阐述其设置的位阶问题；以单纯执法抑或兼理竞争政策，分析其职能对组织的影响；以立法权、司法权的配置理论论证其权限的综合性；以独立性、专业性归纳其组织特征；以司法化概括其执法程序。考虑到转轨经济下的环境约束，笔者认为对一般理论框架的适用性展开更为深入的思考很有意义。从竞争法导入转轨经济国家的内在需求和外部压力；反垄断法为核心的竞争政策在转轨经济国家的合理定位；反垄断法执行机关在转轨经济国家的特殊任务；反垄断法在转轨经济国家实施的特殊条件约束；以及反垄断法执行机关配套制度的品质要求五个方面做了初步特殊性分析。通过对不同国家或地区反垄断法执行机关的对比研究，以及对反垄断法执行机关设置的一般理论分析和特殊适用分析，进而结合对中国反垄断法现实执行体制的考察，笔者提出了中国建立反垄断法执行机关应该注意的基本问题，并分别从定位、体制、组织、权限、中央和地方关系，以及专门化法庭六个方面勾勒了中国反垄断法执行机关的基本架构。
Competition law whose core is anti-monopoly law is the basic law of market economy. Competition law itself was not equal to a free market and a fair trade if competition law is not put in practice.So clauses on anti-monoply enforcement agencies are the important part of anti-monopoly law on which competition law is based.How to design China anti-monopoly enforcement agencies has been a disputed issue for over ten years In order to find the better form of China anti-monopoly enforcement agencies,the writer has had a deep researh on anti-monopoly enforcement agencies in U.S,German,Japan,Taibei of China,Poland from model,mechanism,authority,procedure in respective.On the basis of research above,the writer put forward a basic systematic analysis.on the design of anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies.First of all,which elements have a direct effect on the status of anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies. Secondly,how the function of anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies infuences its organization.Thirdly,why anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies have both legislative and jurisdiction.Fourthly,why the organization of anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies are characterized by independency and specialization.Finally,why the procedure of anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies is like that of court.At the same time,in transitional economy,there are many special limits to the organization of anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies when the basic systematic analysis above was brought into effect.In conclusion,the writer takes a picture of the organization of anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies: an independent and authorative organization with experts in law,economy,business and administration.
