建筑设计中，轻质屋盖的使用越来越广泛，存在的一个问题是，落雨冲击时，室内将产生雨噪声。近年来，国防部演播厅、国家大剧院、国家游泳中心、国家体育馆、北京南火车站、广州新火车站等大跨度轻质屋盖工程设计中，突显出雨噪声问题。目前，雨噪声问题的研究在国内报道较少。本论文结合工程设计中的实际需要，进行了相关的降低雨噪声影响实验测量及理论研究。为了确立轻质屋盖雨噪声的实验室测试方法和程序，论文研究了雨的性质、自然雨雨强、雨滴粒径分布、雨滴落地末速度等，在大量实验基础上，最终确定人工模拟降雨的关键参数：采用滴流法形成6mm直径的雨滴，降雨高度为3m，采用供水箱液面控制雨强，该方法与2007年公布的ISO雨噪声实验室测量方法得到了基本一致的结果。为了对比实验室人工模拟雨噪声的精度，2007年建立了彩钢屋面的野外雨噪声实验塔，进行了为期一年的自然雨雨噪声的实验观测，并在实验室进行了构造完全相同的彩钢屋面的雨噪声测量，从而客观地分析和研究了人工雨与自然雨所形成雨噪声的关系。据目前所知，人工雨和自然雨雨噪声的对比研究在世界上尚属首次。论文还从雨滴冲击屋面的能量变化、雨滴直径与雨噪声的关系、雨强与雨噪声关系、受雨面积与雨噪声的关系、雨滴末速度与雨噪声的关系等进行了理论分析。结合多种雨噪声实验测量的数据，研究了影响雨噪声大小的因素，提出了增加屋盖质量、改造轻质屋面的分层结构、屋面覆设防雨网、增加阻尼层、隔声吊顶等多种降低雨噪声的方法。论文最终得到的主要结论包括：实验室人工模拟雨噪声的实验方法、实验室人工模拟雨噪声与自然雨噪声的关系、轻质屋盖隔绝雨噪声的某些方法与途径。

In buildings, lightweight roofs are widely used more and more. One problem of the lightweight roofing is the rain noise. In some projects involved lightweight roofing design in China, such as a headquarters of the department of defense, National Grand Theatre, National Swimming Center, National Gymnasium, Beijing south railway station, new Guangzhou railway station etc，the rain noise is so important that it must be both predicted and reduced to satisfaction. Up to now，there is no any papers or reports about the rain noise in China except some research result in Tsinghua University. This paper intended both to introduce the experiments of the rain noise in Tsinghua University and to develop a method of acquiring the sound power level of the lightweight roofs impacted by artificial rains. The measured sound power data allow comparisons of roof products and estimations of the reverberant sound pressure level in a room caused by raindrops.It is quite not easy to build a rain noise simulation lab, which must be satisfied with the requirement on both acoustics and rain. A long term research on both rains and lightweight roofing acoustics is unavoidable. Only several countries began study on rain noise experiments in succession since 1997, include USA, Japan, Canada, Australia, UK, Germany, French, and China. The ISO committee has introduced a new standard to prescribe a laboratory method for the measurement of sound generated by rainfall on building elements using artificial raindrops.This paper studies the meteorologic character of real rain, the rain intensity, the distribution of raindrops’ diameters, and the terminal velocity of raindrops as well. Based on a lot of experiment data, this paper confirmed the key parameters of artificial rain in laboratory, include, using 6mm diameter raindrops by dripping from pipes, 3m falling height and using hydraulic pressure by water level in tank. Studies in this paper basically agree with the new standard ISO140-18 published in 2007.An originate work that nobody has done all over the world in this paper is the comparison of the rain noise from the same lightweight roof between artificial raindrops in lab and real rains in field. In 2007, a testing tower with laminated steel sheet polystyrene panel roofs was built in an open area in campus of Tsinghua University. And measurements were immediately carried when it is rain, whenever morning or midnight, throughout the whole year. In Jan.2008, the roof elements which had been test in the rain noise tower was moved to the laboratory for artificial raindrops acoustic measurements. This paper deeply analyzed both the sameness and the difference between the result of real rain and the artificial rain. Furthermore, this paper presents a heavy rain indoor noise data of a gymnasium with lightweight metal roof, accidentally measured in July,2007, This paper theoretically analyzed the energy change when raindrops hit the roof, as well as the relationship between rain noise and raindrops’ diameters, area hit by rain, raindrops’ terminal velocity. This paper discussed some methods to reduce the rain noise of lightweight roofing, such as increasing the weighting, using laminating roof structure, roof mesh cover, dumping, acoustic suspend ceiling etc.The conclusion drawn by this paper mainly are: precisely acoustic method of artificial rain to simulate the real rain, the noise relationship between real rain and artificial rain, some methods on roofing to reduce rain noise.