电力负荷建模是电力系统中公认的难题之一。长期以来，负荷建模主要是依据负荷节点的量测数据开展相应的建模研究工作。随着广域量测系统（WAMS）在我国电力系统中的广泛应用，使得利用系统广域信息开展负荷建模工作成为可能。本论文的主要研究内容包括：负荷与系统广域信息的相关度研究，系统广域信息对负荷参数的轨迹灵敏度分析，最后系统地提出一种基于广域量测信息的负荷建模方法，并采用数值仿真系统和RTDS实验两种方式进行了验证。首先比较了广域负荷建模思想和节点负荷建模思想的区别，并对综合负荷模型进行了适当的改进。本论文提出一种负荷与系统广域信息的相关度分析方法，从广域系统众多负荷点中筛选出广域强相关负荷。广域强相关负荷是一个统计意义上的概念，表明在多种运行及扰动条件下，这类负荷的负荷特性最有可能对系统广域动态产生较大的影响。广域强相关负荷的确定是广域负荷建模研究的基础。通过负荷与系统广域信息的相关度研究，解决了广域系统中负荷点众多，不易统一辨识的问题。本论文提出一种系统广域信息对负荷参数的综合轨迹灵敏度分析方法，主要研究广域电力系统遭受某一扰动激励时，系统中广域动态变量的输出响应偏差与负荷参数之间的灵敏度关系，并与负荷功率对负荷参数的灵敏度加以比较。这种分析方法综合了多种系统条件下的灵敏度特性，因此具有较强的泛化能力。在负荷广域相关度和综合轨迹灵敏度的研究基础上，本文提出一种基于广域信息的负荷建模方法。首先对广域系统按照负荷特性相近的原则进行分区，获得各分区广域强相关负荷点的负荷参数，并推广到同区域内的其他负荷点，做为各分区负荷参数的参考值。固定低灵敏度参数，仅辨识高灵敏度参数，并在辨识过程中计入了负荷参数随机变化的影响，最终完成广域负荷建模。10机39节点系统的仿真结果以及基于RTDS的实验结果，均验证了本论文提出的基于广域信息的负荷建模方法的有效性和可行性。

Load modeling is one of generally acknowledged difficult problems of power system. For a long time, the research work of load modeling is mainly based on node scale. Wide-area measure system is applied to power system widely in China, which makes it possible that load modeling based on wide-area scale.A load modeling method based on wide-area measurement data is presented in this dissertation, which comprises the correlation analysis of loads to wide-area dynamic characters of power system, the synthetic trajectory sensitivity analysis of wide-area dynamic characters to load parameters and a load modeling method based on wide-area measurement data. A correlation analysis method of loads to wide-area dynamic characters of power system is presented in this dissertation. Some loads that impact the wide-area dynamic characters seriously can be selected from all of load nodes in wide-area power system. The correlation degree between the load character variety and the wide-area dynamic response is researched. At the same time, the effect of load time-variation to the analysis result of correlation degree is considered, which improves the generalization ability of this analysis method. The correlation degree research of the load node and the wide-area dynamic of the power system solves the problems that unified identification is difficult because there are so many load nodes in wide-area system. A synthetic trajectory sensitivity analysis method of wide-area dynamic characters of power system to load parameters is presented. When a disturbance occurred, sensitivities of the response errors of wide-area dynamic chatracters to load parameters will be computed and be compared with which of load power to laod parameters. Because of many operating conditions and disturbances being considered, the generalization ability of this method is strong.Based on the research of load wide-area correlation degree and synthetic trajectory sensitivity, a wide-area load modeling method is presented. The wide-area system will be divided into many zones according to the load characters firstly. The load parameters of key load node in each zone can be obtained and used on other load nodes in the same zone. Unsensitive load parameters will be fixed and sensitive load paramters will be identified. The effect of load time-variation is considered and the load parameters are obtained. In the simulation system with 10-machine 39-bus and in the RTDS system of the nation key laboratory of Tshinghua University, the wide-area load modeling method mentioned in this dissertation is verified effective and feasible.Key words: synthetic load model; load wide-area correlation; synthetic trajectory sensitivity; load modeling based on wide-area measurement