“生产力”范畴是马克思主义理论体系中最为重要的基石之一，但马克思从未在他的著作中明确定义过“生产力”，正因如此，国内外围绕“生产力”而展开的学术争论自马克思逝世起一直持续至今。本文试图通过对《德意志意识形态》的文本解读，来梳理早期马克思“生产力”概念的基本内涵，进而探讨重新理解“生产力”概念对当代社会发展的实践意义。全文分为以下几个部分：第一部分是导论，本文通过对以往学术争论的梳理，揭示生产力概念是马克思主义哲学理论谱系中重大的基本问题，并说明当前解读生产力概念的必要性。第二部分是对古典政治经济学中生产力概念的历史考察。第三部分论述马克思使用生产力概念的原生语境，从马克思首次使用生产力概念起考察它在马克思著作中的嬗变过程。第四部分是本文的重点，根据2004年《马克思恩格斯全集》国际历史考证版（MEGA②）提供的原始信息对《德意志意识形态》进行文本解读，确定生产力概念的基本内涵。第五部分讨论生产力概念对于建构唯物史观的作用和意义。最后是本文的结论。　　本文认为，生产力是作为技术和工具意义上的能力、共同活动方式本身以及个人自主活动三个方面所生成的合力或总和，这三个要素的协同作用决定了生产力的发挥，并通过生产数量的多少和生产率表现出来。其中，共同活动方式具有两重性，它是生产力和交往形式（生产关系）矛盾运动的中介。马克思的生产力概念作为属人的力量，既有大小又有方向。所以，对“量”和“率”的片面追求并不符合马克思的本意，马克思关注的不仅是生产力的结果，更重要的还在于生成生产力的过程本身。其中深刻地反映出马克思对生产力发展的人文关怀。

Productive forces is one of the most important bases of Marxism, the conception of which Marx never clearly defined in his works. Therefore it has brought up wide arrange of debates about the concept of productive forces since the death of Marx up to now. This paper attempts to interpret the content of The German Ideology and Marx's early concept of productive forces. The full text is divided into a few parts as follows:The first part is an introduction.In the second part I make an effort to understand productive forces in the classic political economic context. In the third part, I look at the concept of productive forces from Marx's very first idea of it to the extend of entire Marx's works.The fourth part is the most important part and MEGA ② published in 2004 has under taken an important role for my research. I refer messages found in the book of The German Ideology to determine the basic connotation of Maxr's productive forces. The fifth part discusses the the concept of productive forces as its constructive role and significance within Historical Materialism.The last part is conclusion.