冲击地压是世界范围内煤矿及岩石工程中遇到的最严重自然灾害之一，是目前国际采矿工程和岩石力学界迫切需要研究解决的科学难题。本文对冲击地压发生和破坏过程进行了系统的理论和实验研究。 研究了冲击地压的发生启动：提出了启动的能量准则和扰动响应准则；得到了煤柱、采煤工作面及圆形巷道发生冲击地压的解析解；提出了一个新的冲击倾向性指标即煤岩弹性模量 和降模量 之比 ，建立了发生冲击地压的临界软化区深度、临界载荷、临界开采深度及冲击地压发生后释放能量与 关系；提出了阻力区概念，给出了临界阻力区大小和 关系。该部分研究成果使冲击地压的预测和防治建立在更加坚实的力学基础之上。 研究了冲击地压启动后煤岩变形破坏规律：发现冲击地压启动后煤岩变形破坏产生局部化；提出通过研究变形局部化过程来研究冲击地压启动后煤岩变形破坏过程；通过大刚度和小加载速率控制冲击地压启动后变形破坏过程，采用白光数字散斑相关方法定量化跟踪煤岩试件表面变形场，实验观测了试件试验机系统冲击地压启动后煤岩变形破坏局部化过程，并首次测得了煤和砂岩的变形局部化带的宽度；引入材料内部长度参数 ，提出了描述冲击地压启动后变形破坏的梯度塑性本构关系；得到了大刚度和小加载速率下试件试验机系统冲击地压启动后煤岩变形局部化带宽度的解析解；带宽实测值代入理论解中，得到了参数 ；通过对三个矿井的冲击地压分析，发现其发生次数和震级之间符合Gutenberg-Richter公式，给出了冲击地压发生最大震级公式。该部分研究成果使冲击地压由“全面”防治转变为“针对性”防治成为可能。 对冲击地压发生全过程进行了相似模拟实验研究：提出了物理模拟冲击地压发生全过程的相似系数 和 ，研制了冲击地压模拟的系列相似材料；进行了圆形巷道冲击地压模拟实验，得到了冲击地压发生的临界载荷，理论解和实验值对比，误差为5．7%；对大安山矿3.2级冲击地压进行了模拟，再现了实际采煤工作面的冲击地压，并对该工作面后续开采进行了模拟，现场按所提模拟方案进行开采，该工作面已安全开采完毕。该部分研究成果使冲击地压由以“治”为主转变为以“防”为主成为可能。 对断层冲击地压进行了研究：建立了发生准则；进行了理论和模拟实验研究；建立了断层冲击地压的粘滑模型；解释了一些断层冲击地压现象。
Rockburst is a worldwide serious natural disaster encountered in coal mining and rock engineering. It has been a scientific difficulty which should be solved urgently in the field of mining engineering and rock mechanics.The dissertation has done a systematic study on the rockburstinitiation and failure propagation. The rockburst initiation criterion have been studied: The Energy Criterion and Disturbance Criterion are put forward. The analytical solutions for rockbursts occurring at the coal pillar, mining workingface and in the circular roadway are derived. A new index for the possibility of a rockburst occurrence, the ratio between the elasticity modulus and the descending modulus of the rock-coal mass,namely, is suggested. The relations have been determined between the critical depth of softening zone, the critical load, the critical mining depth, the energy release after a rockburst occurrence and . Resistance Zone is suggested and the relation between its size and is derived. This part of research results provides a sound mechanical foundation for rockburst prediction and treatment. The deformation-failure propagation after rockburst initiation have been studied: It has been found that the deformation of the coal-rock mass localizes after the rockburst starts. The paper suggests that the deformation-failure process of the coal-rock mass be analyzed by studying the localization. Controlled by the great stiffness of the test machine and the small loading rate after rockburst initiation ,traced quantitatively by the white light digital speckle correlation method, the rock-coal deformation process in a specimen-test machine system after the rockburst initiation has been studied . The localization band width is measured for the first time. The gradient plasticity constitutive relation is suggested by introducing the internal length parameter to describe the deformation process after the rockburst starts. The analytical solution for the localization bandwidth is derived under the condition of great stiffness and the small loading rate for the specimen-test machine system. The comparison between the theoretical solution and the test results gives the materialinternal parameter. The relation between the number and magnitude of therockburst coincides well with the Gutenberg-Richter formula by studying the rockbursts ranging from magnitude 0.5~3.9 of 3 coal mines.The formula for the maximum magnitude is derived. This part of researchmakes it possible for the transformation from the 'comprehensive way'to the 'pertinent way' in the prediction and treatment of rockburst. The complete deformation-failure processes have been studied by the equivalent material: Two new similar coefficients for the simulation ofthe complete process of a rockburst have been suggested, the ratio forthe description of the mechanism of a rockburst initiation and the internal length parameter for the description of the material deformation after the initiation of the rockburst. A series of equivalent materials have been studied and made. The simulation experiments for the circular roadway rockburst has been carried out and the critical load for the rockburst initiation has been derived. The relative error for the theoretical solution compared with the test result is 5.7%. A rockburst of magnitude 3.2 occurring at Da'anshan coal mine was simulated in the laboratory and the rockburst occurring at the working face was reproduced. The succeeding mining activity was modeled. The mining work has finished safely with the application of the suggested way to the practice. This part of research results makes it possible for the transformation the major practical work in rockburst prevention and treatment from 'treatment' to 'prevention'. The fault-induced rockburst has been studied: initiation criterionhas been set up; Theoretical research and simulation experiments for fault-induced rockburst are carried out; A stick-slip model has been given out; Some phenomena of this kind of rockburst have explained.
