随着载人航天的发展，航天员对航天活动安全性的影响越来越大，航天员的疲劳评价，特别是疲劳的对抗方法，已经成为迫切需要解决的问题。本文着眼于未来长期载人航天的需求，研究疲劳的评价方法及其可能的对抗措施。本文通过日常疲劳实验和模拟驾驶疲劳实验，模拟航天航空环境中出现的脑力疲劳状态。以脑电信号时域分析和功率谱分析为主要手段，评价疲劳状态，采用主观评价、驾驶绩效评价和眼电信号评价作为辅助手段。研究结果表明，以脑电信号为主的疲劳评价手段可以有效的评价疲劳状态。疲劳后脑电信号的变化为：α（8～13 Hz）波成簇出现，θ（4~8 Hz）波幅度增大且连续出现次数增加。δ（0～4 Hz）、θ、α、β（13～30 Hz）频段的平均功率谱密度值随疲劳的加深而增大。辅助评价手段的结果与脑电分析结果相对应：主观评价的疲劳感加重，驾驶绩效的错误率上升，连续眨眼次数增多且平均眨眼持续时间增长。在以脑电信号为主的疲劳评价的基础上，研究经皮穴位电刺激方法对疲劳的治疗效果。采用韩氏刺激仪分别以2H以及2Hz和100Hz变频，针对风池穴、合谷穴和内关穴进行电刺激。日常疲劳实验和模拟驾驶实验的结果表明，经皮穴位电刺激后，部分被试者的疲劳得到缓解。脑电信号的变化为：成簇的α波和大幅值的θ波减少，脑电δ、θ、α、β频段的平均功率谱密度值降低。辅助评价手段的结果与脑电分析结果相对应：主观疲劳感下降，驾驶绩效的错误率降低，眨眼正常。经皮穴位电刺激对部分被试者起到对抗疲劳的作用，对其他被试者效果不明显或出现反效果。现有的经皮穴位电刺激模式并不适用于所有被试者，电刺激方式和参数还需要进一步的研究和改进。脑电信号可以有效的评价疲劳状态和电刺激效果。经皮穴位电刺激可以缓解部分被试者的脑力疲劳，提供了一种疲劳对抗的有效途径。

As development of manned spaceflight, effect of astronaut on space activity is more and more important. Fatigue evaluation, especially methods against fatigue have became urgent problems to solve. The aim of this research is to find out the means of fatigue evaluation and the available methods against fatigue with a view to requirements of intending long-term manned spaceflight.Experiments of daily fatigue and simulated driving fatigue are used to simulate the metal fatigue in spaceflight and aviation. The main tools to evaluate fatigue are time domain analysis and power pectrum analysis of EEG(Electroencephalogram). Assistant measures include subjective evaluation, driving performance evaluation and EOG(Electro-Oculogram) evalution.The results indicate that EEG can efficiently express the state of fatigue. The changes in EEG after fatigue are appearance of fascicled α(8~13Hz) activity and high frequency of θ(4~8Hz) activity with increasing amplitude. The values of average power spectral density of δ(0~4Hz)band, θ band, α band and β(13~30Hz) band are increasing as fatigue growing. The changes of assistant measures are consistent with EEG. Subjective feeling of fatigue becomes clear, and error of driving performance is increasing. The continuous blinks appear more frequently with duration rising. Based on fatige evaluation by EEG, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation is researched for therapy of fatigue. Fengching, Hegu and Neiguan are used for electrical stimulation at 2Hz and 2Hz/100Hz by HANS stimulator. Fatige of part testees is lessened after transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in daily fatigue experiment and simulated driving fatigue experiments. The changes in EEG are decreasing of fascicled α waves and large-amplitude θ waves. And the values of average power spectral density of δ band, θ band, α band and β band are reduced too. The changes of assistant measures are consistent with EEG. Subjective feeling of fatigue is weaker, error of driving performance is less and the blinks tend to normal state. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation has positive effect on restraining fatigue for some testee, and for other testee the effects are null or negative. The mode and parameters of the electrical stimulation which are not suitable for all testee need to be studied and improved.EEG can availably evaluate fatigue and effect of electrical stimulation. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation can reduce mental fatigue of part testee and provides an effective approach to fatigue therapy.