在改革开放和发展社会主义市场经济的条件下，河南省临颍县南街村建设“共产主义小社区”的实践引起了国内外许多人的共同关注，成为了各种思想激烈交锋的一个焦点。本文在对南街村实地调查的基础上，以大量翔实的实证材料，通过澄清有关“南街现象”的种种模糊乃至错误认识，给当前众说纷纭的论争以明确回答。首先，从“南街现象”形成、运作和发展的社会结构条件出发，分析南街村十几年来发展集体经济、建设“共产主义小社区”的宏观、中观和微观社会背景，明确“南街现象”是在党的第二代领导集体开辟的改革开放和发展社会主义市场经济的时代条件下，在中原农民强烈的“集体主义”情结之上，由王宏斌这样的共产党人运用和发展毛泽东时代的历史遗产，带领广大农民从自身的特殊条件出发，披荆斩棘、艰苦奋斗创造出来的经济社会发展模式。其次，从南街村建设“共产主义小社区”的运行目标出发，全面分析它在现实社会中运行的具体状况，即如何以集体经济的发展和工资加供给的分配办法维持着社区运行的物质基础，如何以群众性的思想教育活动保障着社区运行的基本秩序，如何以“外圆内方”的策略实现了社区与外部社会的契合，如何以传统农民的现代变革表现出社区运行的现实结果。由此明确，南街村建设中的“共产主义小社区”决不是什么“‘左’的堡垒”、“怪胎”，而是一方农民在实践中描绘出来的经济与社会协调发展、全面进步的现实生活图景，是建设有中国特色社会主义的一种探索形式。再次，本着关心南街、爱护南街的原则，重点探讨它在未来发展中可能会遇到的矛盾和制约因素，具体分析外部社会环境的变化和挑战、现代市场经济和传统农民意识的矛盾、“外圆”和“内方”的矛盾、个人魅力型权威结构的内在矛盾。由此明确，南街村的事业要想长治久安，必须在有利于其发展的外部社会环境下，适应现代市场经济的需要，克服传统农民意识的消极影响，在进一步巩固和壮大集体经济实力的基础上，通过强有力的思想教育和改造，培养和造就一支合格的建设者和接班人队伍，向着“共产主义小社区”的目标全面推进。最后，根据前面的研究和分析，探索“南街现象”对于当代中国改革开放的社会价值。一是对于建设有中国特色社会主义新农村的社会价值，即如何在发展集体经济，稳定家庭承包经营的基础上，实现社会主义农业改革与发展的“第二个飞跃”，达到农民的共同富裕和农村经济与社会的协调发展、全面进步；二是对于建设有中国特色社会主义道路选择的社会价值，即如何把毛泽东所倡导、邓小平坚持和发展了的社会主义的基本原则贯穿于市场经济体制建立和发展的全过程，更自觉地把改革开放和现代化建设推向一个新的阶段。

Under reform, opening up and socialist market economy, the practice of building a Small Communist Community (SCC) by Nanjie Village of Linying County, Henna Province has turned into a point at issue concerned by many at home and abroad. Utilizing a great deal of positivist data gathered through the field survey to Nanjie Village, this paper clarified all kinds of confused and even mistaken ideas, definitely answered various opinions about Nanjie phenomenon at present.First, starting from the structural condition of the forming, running and developing of the Nanjie phenomenon, this paper analyzed the macroscopic, intermediate and microcosmic social background, under which Nanjie Village developed its collective economy and built the SCC during the past ten odd years. A conclusion is made that the Nanjie phenomenon is a kind of economic and social developing mode created by such communists as Wang Hongbin, who, on the basis of the special condition of Nanjie Village and the collective complex of the Central Plains peasants’, applied the historical heritage of Mao Tsedong times’ to the epochal condition of reform, opening up and socialist market economy inaugurated by the leading collectivity of the Party’s second generation, led the mass of Nanjie peasants on their way to get over all difficulties.Secondly, starting from the running target of Nanjie Village’s constructing LCC, this paper analyzed the concrete status of its running in actual society as follows: how the community maintains its material base by the development of collective economy and the distributing ways of wages & supplies, how the community safeguards its basic order through the ideological education and remoulding among the masses, how the community agrees with the outside by the strategy of being round outward and being square inward, how the community displays its actual running results by the modern changes of traditional peasants. A conclusion is made that Nanjie Village’s constructing LCC, being a kind of exploring forms of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, is never a fortress or monster, but an actual living view traced out by the local peasants practically with its economy and society developing harmoniously, advancing comprehensively.Thirdly, according to the principle of caring and cherishing Nanjie, this paper discussed such contradiction and restrictive factors, which Nanjie will probably meet with, as the changes and challenges from the outside, the contradiction between modern market economy and traditional peasant consciousness, the contradiction between being round outward and being square inward, the inner contradiction among the authority structure of individual charm. A conclusion is made that if the enterprise of Nanjie Village wants to develop steadily in a long time, it should have the aid of the external environment in favor of its development, suit the needs of the modern market economy, overcome the traditional peasant consciousness, then, on the basis of strengthening the collective economy, through the strongly ideological education and remoulding, foster and train a contingent of eligible erectors and successors, advance to the target of constructing the LCC in an all-round way.Finally, according to the preceding research and analysis, this paper explored the social value of the Nanjie phenomenon toward the reform and opening up in contemporary China. One aspect is toward building new socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics. Namely, on the basis of stabilizing the contract-based management by family, how should the reform and development of Chinese socialist agriculture realize its second leap, how should the peasants achieve their common wealth and the countryside make its economy and society develop harmoniously, advance comprehensively? The other aspect is toward the road choice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Namely, how should we integrate the beneficial experience explored by the two generations’ giants----Mao Tsedong and Deng Xiaoping together. Standing on the height of times’, to realize socialism from a higher realm, to push the reform, opening up and construction of modernization to a new stage more consciously.