中国自然文化遗产资源如风景名胜区、自然保护区等覆盖约135万平方公里的国土面积，占总数的14%以上。它们是国家可持续发展的重要物质基础，是中华大地王冠上的明珠，是中华文明的历史见证，是我们从祖先手中继承下来，还要真实完整地传承给子孙万代的“不可替代”的国家财产。但在社会经济转型期，这些珍贵资源却面临众多威胁和挑战，处在被损害和蚕食的边缘。论文以世界保护联盟（IUCN）“国家公园和保护区体系”的概念为研究平台，采用理论与实践结合、宏观与微观结合、多学科融贯等方法，对建立完善中国国家公园和保护区体系的理论进行了研究，并分别在区域层次和示范点层次进行了实践探索。论文成果有望促进遗产资源研究的系统化，积极影响中国遗产资源的保护、规划和管理实践，并在地景学方面丰富人居环境科学理论。论文创造性成果主要包括以下5个方面：在综合大量外文文献的基础上，论文系统地总结了130年来世界国家公园运动的发展趋势，包括思想认识方面的3项进步和技术方法方面的7项进步。在实地考察基础上，全面分析了美国国家公园体系发展的6个阶段，具体剖析了其立法、规划与管理过程，归纳了美国国家公园体系的经验教训。在这种深度和广度上对美国国家公园体系的介绍，在国内是第一次。论文首次将我国风景名胜区、自然保护区、生物圈保护区、世界遗产、国家地质公园、国家森林公园等作为一个开放复杂巨系统进行了整体性研究。提出管理不到位是产生诸多矛盾与问题的根源，分析并总结出管理不到位的7项原因：认识不到位、立法不到位、体制不到位、技术不到位、资金不到位、能力不到位和环境不到位。论文以系统论为工具，对中国国家公园和保护区体系的组成要素、结构和功能进行了分析。结合世界国家公园运动的发展趋势和美国国家公园体系的经验教训，在探索两个相互关联的实践项目基础上，提出了建立完善中国国家公园和保护区体系的4项战略方针：科学为本，全面创新；上下启动，多方参与；三分结合，集散有序；一区一法，界权统一。从立法、体制改革、技术支持、社会支持、规划管理、资金以及能力建设等7个方面研究了建立完善中国国家公园和保护区体系的政策途径，并具体落实为41项行动建议。作为区域性实践项目，滇西北国家公园和保护区体系建设规划是我国第一次在区域层次上整合风景名胜区、自然保护区等遗产资源的实践探索。论文研究了上述体系的环境因素、建设目标、空间结构、管理机制、管理政策和行动计划。该成果旨在中观层次为建立完善中国国家公园和保护区体系积累经验。作为一个示范点实践项目，梅里雪山风景名胜区总体规划运用世界国家公园运动发展过程中的新认识和新技术，针对我国，尤其是梅里雪山的实际情况，在风景名胜区总体规划技术领域进行了全面创新。创新点包括以下7个方面：资源保护等级光谱、三层次协同规划体系（目标体系规划－战略规划－行动计划）、政策管理分区规划、分区规划图则、解说规划、社区规划、管理体制规划和规划管理信息系统。该成果旨在微观层次、技术层面为建立完善中国国家公园和保护区体系积累经验。
Considering the severe situations faced by both our natural and cultural heritage resources, which covers more than 14% of the territory, this dissertation aims at providing strategies, policies, and practical experiences for the establishment and improvement of a National Park and Protected Area System in China.Based on extensive study of the existing reference materials, the dissertation first outlines the theory and technology progresses in the development of worldwide national park movement, in the thinking of building an international reference frame for the system. Meanwhile, it systematically examines the development stages of National Park System in the United States, and summarizes its experience in legislation, planning framework, and management policies. Integrating the so called Scenic Areas, Natural Reserves, Biosphere Reserves, World Heritage, National Geological Parks, and National Forest Parks as an entire complex system, the dissertation shows that the root of the existing problems bothering most of the above areas is the lack of effective management, which is caused by the following factors: incorrect perception, deficient legislation system, disordered organizational structure, backward technology, insufficient fund, neglected capacity building and inadequate social support.Based on the above studies and author’s experiences gained during the twelve years of professinal practice, including the two presented, the dissertation proposes the strategies for the establishment and improvement of the National Park and Protected Area System in China. Furthermore, it comes up with forty-one detailed suggestions concerned with the following seven specific policy domains: legislation, organization, technological support, social support, planning framework, fund management, and capacity building, to accelerate the execution of the policies.In order to test and revise the strategies and policies proposed, the case study in the Northwestern Region of Yunnan Province focuses on exploring the environmental factors, goals and objectives, spatial structures, management mechanism, management policies and action plan on how to establish and improve a National Park and Protected Area System in a regional level. The case study in Meili Snow Mountains Area mainly explores new approaches and techniques for a general management plan of a National Park, including resource protection spectrum, three levels planning framework, zoning, zoning code, interpretation plan, community plan, structure plan for the management agency, and management information system.
