含有挥发性有机物（VOCs）的有机废气具有浓度高、组分复杂等特点，生物处理法是净化VOCs的首选方法之一。目前，实际工程大多以VOCs单一成分的降解性能进行反应器的设计，处理浓度也偏低。所以，针对以上问题，本论文重点研究了几种典型VOCs的单一物质和混合基质在较高浓度范围内的生物降解性能，并对不同VOCs驯化污泥的性质进行了比较。主要结果如下： 测定了7种典型VOCs的单一物质在甲苯驯化污泥中的降解情况。除1,2-二氯乙烷外，甲苯驯化的污泥可以有效降解甲苯、苯、3种二甲苯和氯苯；降解速率大小关系：甲苯> 苯> 邻二甲苯> 间二甲苯> 对二甲苯> 氯苯>> 1,2,-二氯乙烷；在试验浓度范围内，甲苯的降解符合Monod方程，苯、3种二甲苯和氯苯的降解均符合一级反应，并求解出它们的生物反应动力学常数。 研究了甲苯、苯、氯苯和1,2-二氯乙烷4种VOCs等浓度下的2、3、4种混合物的降解性能。求解出混合物中VOCs的比降解速率相对于单一物质时的被抑制率。VOCs在混合基质中的降解速率大多低于单一物质时的降解速率，随混合组分数量的增加，降解速率的被抑制率越大。混合物对某个组分降解性能的影响共有三种方式：促进作用、相加作用和协同作用。 进一步研究了甲苯和氯苯、苯和氯苯、邻二甲苯和氯苯、甲苯和苯的两组分混合体系的降解性能。通过变换浓度水平及混合组分间的比例，可知：①氯苯浓度为3.65mg/L和7.23mg/L时，苯和氯苯混合物的降解符合双基质的竞争性抑制模型，根据本研究的实际情况对模型进行简化，求出苯的抑制常数分别为7.8mg/L和27.3mg/L；②氯苯浓度为36.47mg/L和72.94mg/L、邻二甲苯的含量为0%50%时，邻二甲苯和氯苯的混合物符合竞争性抑制模型，邻二甲苯的抑制常数分别为21.2mg/L和31.5mg/L；③苯的浓度分别为7.21mg/L、14.41mg/L、30.03mg/L和72.06mg/L时，甲苯和苯的混合物符合竞争性抑制模型，甲苯的抑制常数分别为95.74mg/L、75.26mg/L、184.45mg/L和139.23mg/L。 通过监测污泥浓度，测试降解能力及对微生物的扫描电镜分析，考察了甲苯、氯苯和1,2-二氯乙烷3种VOCs驯化的污泥在菌种收率、降解能力和微观状况等方面的特性。甲苯驯化的污泥优于其它2种驯化污泥，具有推广应用的价值。

Due to the practical problems of bio-treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aerobic biodegradability of several typical VOCs in individual or mixed substrates, as well as comparison of acclimated sludge of different VOCs were investigated in this study. The following results have been obtained: The biodegradation of individual compound of seven VOCs was studied. Except for 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene, benzene, o-xylene, m-oxylene, p-xylene and chlorobenzene could be effectively degraded by acclimated sludge of toluene, and individual biodegradation rate was in order of: toluene> benzene> o-xylene> m-xylene> p-xylene>> chlorobenzene. The biodegradation of toluene could be expressed by Monod equation, and that of benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene and chlorobenzene could be regarded as the first order reaction. The correlated kinetic constants were also be calculated. The biodegradation of all the possible mixtures of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichloroethane with the same concentration of each compound were investigated. According to the calculated inhibition ratio in mixtures relative to the individual substrate, it was found that each compound was degraded faster when it was present alone than when it was a component of mixtures commonly. The influence way of VOCs mixtures on the biodegradation of a single compound included: promotion, non-influence and inhibition or toxicity. The biodegradability of four two-component mixtures, toluene with chlorobenzene, benzene with chlorobenzene, o-xylene with chlorobenzene and toluene with benzene, were studied. By setting series of different concentrations and proportions, the biodegradation performance of every mixture was investigated systematically. Experimental results showed that: ①When concentrations of chlorobenzene were 3.65mg/L and 7.23mg/L, respectively, mixtures of benzene and chlorobenzene revealed competitive inhibition and yielded to the two-compound competitive inhibition equation, the inhibition constants of benzene were 7.8mg/L and 27.3mg/L, respectively. ②When concentrations of chlorobenzene were 36.47mg/L and 72.94mg/L and concentration proportions of o-xylene versus chlorobenzene were between 0% and 50%, mixtures of o-xylene and chlorobenzene also revealed competitive inhibition, and the inhibition constants of o-xylene were 21.2mg/L and 31.5mg/L, respectively. ③When concentrations of benzene were 7.21mg/L, 14.41mg/L, 30.03mg/L and 72.06mg/L, respectively, mixtures of toluene and chlorobenzene revealed competitive inhibition in the same way, the inhibiton constants of toluene were 95.74mg/L, 75.26mg/L, 184.45mg/L and 139.23mg/L respectively. By monitoring concentration variation, degradation ability and microbial community structure, three sludge acclimated with toluene, chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichloroethane were compared. It was found that toluene is suitable to be used as an acclimating substrate for microorganisms to accelerate VOCs degrading.