越南既是与我国山水相连的友好邻邦，有着多方面的历史与文化的紧密联系，又同是发展中的社会主义国家，有着休戚相关的命运和共同的发展目标。越南的革新开放虽比中国起步略晚，但越南发展所面临的问题与我国大致相同，两国都是先进行经济体制改革，然后逐步对政治体制改革进行积极的探索和有益的尝试，在许多方面，各有特色。因此，研究越南政治革新的理论与实践，对促进两国交流社会主义改革的经验与做法，具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。 本文首先对越南政治革新的背景和发展轨迹做历史性考察，说明政治革新是越南历史发展的必然要求。阐明越南政治革新的理论基础是本文的重点。越共以马列主义、胡志明思想为指导，结合越南实际，对与政治革新紧密相关的时代性质、社会主义本质与道路、社会主义发展阶段的历史定位、社会主义民主、执政党建设等问题进行了深入研究，提出了许多有价值的理论观点。 分析越南政治革新的基本内容是本文的又一重点。越共在党的领导体制、国会制度、行政体系、监督体制和民族政策进行了改革和完善，并取得了丰硕的成果。主要表现在：在民主化进程中迈出了重要一步；在风云激荡的历史环境中保持了政治稳定；为经济发展和经济革新创造良好的社会和政治环境。 越南政治革新取得初步成功的基本经验是：高度重视马克思主义理论的研究与创新；坚持党对政治革新的领导，把党的自身体制改革放在首位；努力创造政治革新与经济革新良性互动的局面；充分依靠群众，鼓励群众积极参与政治生活；勇于承认和改正工作中的缺点，正视党和国家面临的危机；以正确态度借鉴外国经验尤其是中国政治体制改革的成功经验。 本文认为如何防止国家由社会公仆变为社会主人和如何才能跳出政权兴亡周期率这两个一脉相承的重大历史课题，应是社会主义政治体制改革的主题，而民主是解题的关键。在社会主义民主化过程中，封建专制主义历史传统的影响是最大的障碍，向资本主义“和平演变”是最大的危险。共产党只有首先搞好自身的建设，才能承担起领导政治体制改革的历史重任。
As one of our friendly neighborhood, Vietnam has a close relationship with us in many aspects in history and culture. Meanwhile, as another developing socialist country, Vietnam shares with China the same development goal. And consequently, the destinies of the two nations are closely tied together. Although the steps of innovation and opening in Vietnam start slightly later than those in China, the problems faced by the two nations are almost the same. Both nations carry on the economic system reform first, and then carry on active exploration and beneficial attempt to political reform gradually. However, in many aspects they have distinct characteristics. Therefore, studying the theory and practice of the political innovation in Vietnam has theoretical and practical significance for exchanging reform experiences between the two nations.In the thesis, a historical review of the background and progress of the political innovation in Vietnam is first conducted, which leads to the conclusion that the political innovation is inevitable in Vietnamese history. Our focus in the thesis is the elucidation of theoretical foundations of the political innovation in Vietnam. Guided by Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s thought, and by combining them with the reality of Vietnam, The Vietnamese Communist Party has investigated various theoretical problems related to the political innovation in depth, such as era properties, socialist essence and path, historical localization in socialist developing stages, socialist democracy, construction of the Party in power, etc., and proposed many valuable theoretical viewpoints.Another emphasis of the thesis is the analysis of contents of the political innovation in Vietnam. The Vietnamese Communist Party has conducted reforms and improvements in the leadership system of the Party, Congress system, administrative system, supervision system and ethnologic policies, and has gained brilliant achievements, which are mainly demonstrated in the following aspects: the Party has made an important step in the advancement of democratization; maintained a steady state in politics in a historical circumstance full of variable factors; and created a favorable social and political environment for economic development and innovation.The basic experiences of political innovation in Vietnam are as follows: highly emphasizing on the researches and creations of Marxist theory; insisting on the Party’s leadership in political innovation while placing Party’s own organizational innovation to the first place; endeavoring to create beneficial interaction between political innovation and economic innovation; relying on the populace and encouraging them to participate in political activities actively; having the courage to admit and correct shortcoming; facing up to the crises of the Party, as well as the country; borrowing successful experiences of political reform in other countries, especially China.Through the above analysis, we think that the two great historical subjects, i.e., how to prevent a government changing from a servant of the society to the owner of the society, and how to jump out periodic law of regime rise and fall, are the theme of the socialist political reform, while democracy is the key to solving the problems. In the socialism democratization process, the influence of the historical tradition of feudal autocracy is the greatest obstacle, and the “peaceful evolution” to capitalism is the greatest danger. The Communist Party should first construct itself well, and reform and improve the way of ruling and leading. Only by this means, can it undertake the leadership in the historical political reform.
